Shloka 13

Adhyāya 52 (Sabhā-parva): Vidura Invites Yudhiṣṭhira to Hastināpura for the Dice Match

Devanagari script

कैराता दरदा दर्वा: शूरा वै यमकास्तथा । औदुम्बरा दुर्विभागा: पारदा बाह्विकैः सह

Transliteration

kairātā daradā darvāḥ śūrā vai yamakās tathā | audumbarā durvibhāgāḥ pāradā bāhvikaiḥ saha ||

Translation

ດຸຣະໂຢທະນະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ພວກໄກຣາຕະ (Kairāta), ດາຣະດະ (Darada), ດາຣະວະ (Darva)—ເປັນນັກຮົບກ້າຫານແທ້—ພ້ອມທັງພວກຢະມະກະ (Yamaka); ອາວຸດຸມບະຣະ (Audumbara), ດຸຣະວິພາກະ (Durvibhāga), ປາຣະດະ (Pārada) ກັບພວກບາຫວິກະ (Bāhvika)—ທັງໝົດນີ້ກໍຢູ່ພ້ອມໜ້າ»។

Word by Word

कैराताःthe Kiratas (a tribe/people)

दरदाःthe Daradas

दर्वाःthe Darvas

शूराःthe Shuras

वैindeed/also (emphatic particle)

यमकाःthe Yamakas

तथाand likewise/also

औदुम्बराःthe Audumbaras

दुर्विभागाःill-divided / of bad distribution (as a group-epithet)

पारदाःthe Paradas

बाह्विकैःwith the Bahlikas (Bactrians)

सहtogether with

Speaker

दुर्योधन उवाच

Characters & Entities

द

दुर्योधन (Duryodhana)

क

कैराताः (Kairatas)

द

दरदाः (Daradas)

द

दर्वाः (Darvas)

य

यमकाः (Yamakas)

औ

औदुम्बराः (Audumbaras)

द

दुर्विभागाः (Durvibhagas)

प

पारदाः (Paradas)

ब

बाह्विकाः (Bahvikas)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores how the pursuit of dominance draws many peoples into a ruler’s designs; ethically, it highlights the widening consequences of adharma-driven ambition—war is not merely a personal rivalry but a collective burden borne by entire communities.

What is happening in the narrative?

Duryodhana is enumerating various regional groups/tribes—mostly frontier or northern/northwestern peoples—present or aligned in the broader political-military landscape, emphasizing the scale and diversity of forces involved.