Shloka 39

Devanagari script

गिरय: सागराश्रैव नद्यक्ष सजलास्तथा

Transliteration

girayaḥ sāgarāś caiva nadyaś ca sajalās tathā

Translation

ສັນຊະຍະກ່າວວ່າ: ແມ່ນແຕ່ພູເຂົາ, ມະຫາສະໝຸດ, ແລະ ແມ່ນ້ໍາ—ທີ່ຍັງເຕັມໄປດ້ວຍນ້ໍາ—ກໍຄືຈະຖືກກະທົບ ແລະ ຖືກກົດທັບ. ຖ້ອຍຄໍານີ້ເອີ້ນເຖິງຄວາມປັ່ນປ່ວນລະດັບຈັກກະວານ ຊີ້ວ່າຄວາມຮຸນແຮງແລະຄວາມເດືອດດານຂອງສົງຄາມ ບໍ່ແຕ່ສັ່ນສະເທືອນນັກຮົບ ແຕ່ຍັງສັ່ນຄອນຄວາມໝັ້ນຄົງຂອງທໍາມະຊາດ ຕອກຢ້ຳນ້ໍາໜັກທາງທໍາມະ ແລະ ຄວາມພິນາດອັນກວ້າງໃຫຍ່ຂອງສົງຄາມ.

Word by Word

गिरयःmountains

सागराःoceans/seas

इवlike/as

नद्यःrivers

चand

सजलाःwater-filled (having water)

तथाso/likewise

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

mountains

oceans

rivers

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse uses vast natural features to convey that the effects of destructive conflict are not limited to human combatants; adharma-driven violence destabilizes the whole order of the world, making war a moral and cosmic crisis rather than a mere contest of arms.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya, narrating the Kurukṣetra events to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, describes the battle’s intensity through hyperbolic nature imagery—mountains, oceans, and water-filled rivers are portrayed as being shaken or overwhelmed—signaling an extraordinary, world-shaking moment in the war.