Shloka 28

Adhyāya 41 — Kṛṣṇa’s Battlefield Briefing and the Renewal of the Great Engagement

Devanagari script

अप्रियो य: पुरुषो निष्ठुरो हि क्षुद्र: क्षेप्ता क्षमिणश्नाक्षमावान्‌

Transliteration

apriyo yaḥ puruṣo niṣṭhuro hi kṣudraḥ kṣeptā kṣamiṇo 'kṣamāvān

Translation

ສັນຊະຍະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ຜູ້ຊາຍຜູ້ໃດທີ່ນ່າລັງກຽດ ແຂງກະດ້າງ ແລະຕ່ຳຕ້ອຍ—ຜູ້ທີ່ຄຸ້ນເຄີຍກັບການໂຍນຄຳດ່າຫຍາບຄາຍ—ແມ່ນແມ່ນວ່າຈະປາກົດຄືຜູ້ອົດທົນ ແຕ່ແທ້ຈິງແລ້ວເປັນຜູ້ບໍ່ຮູ້ຈັກອະໄພ»។

Word by Word

अप्रियःunpleasant, disagreeable

यःwho

पुरुषःman, person

निष्ठुरःharsh, cruel

हिindeed, for

क्षुद्रःmean, petty, base

क्षेप्ताreviler, one who throws abuse

क्षमिणःof the patient/forbearing person

नnot

क्षमावान्forbearing, patient

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Harshness, pettiness, and a habit of insulting others reveal an unforgiving nature; true forbearance is shown not by outward claims but by restrained speech and genuine patience.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is describing a type of person by listing moral traits—disagreeable, harsh, petty, insulting—contrasting the appearance of being ‘forbearing’ with the reality of being unforgiving, as part of a broader ethical characterization within the war narrative.