Shloka 45

Devanagari script

द्यौश्वैव पृथिवी चापि दिशश्व प्रदिशस्तथा

Transliteration

dyauḥ śvaiva pṛthivī cāpi diśaś ca pradiśas tathā

Translation

ສັນຊະຍະກ່າວວ່າ: «ທັງຟ້າ ແລະ ແຜ່ນດິນ, ທັງທິດທັງຫມົດ ແລະ ທິດນ້ອຍທັງຫມົດດ້ວຍ…»

Word by Word

• द्यौः: the sky/heaven
• द्यौः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• इव: as/like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• पृथिवी: the earth
• पृथिवी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also/even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• दिशः: the directions
• दिशः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• प्रदिशः: the intermediate directions (sub-directions)
• प्रदिशः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रदिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• तथा: so/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• dyauḥ (sky/heaven)
• pṛthivī (earth)
• diśaḥ (directions)
• pradiśaḥ (sub-directions)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

By invoking sky, earth, and all directions, the verse frames the battle as an event with universal moral consequence: adharma in war is not merely personal or political but reverberates through the whole order of the world.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is describing an atmosphere where the entire environment—heaven above, earth below, and every quarter—seems implicated or stirred, typically as a prelude to describing portents or the overwhelming intensity of the conflict.