Shloka 25

उपायैः पूर्ववधकथनम् / Strategic Justifications for Prior Eliminations

Devanagari script

मृदज्रानकनिह्वदिर्सझरै: पटहैस्तथा

Transliteration

mṛdaṅgānaka-nihvādaiḥ sa-jharaiḥ paṭahais tathā

Translation

ສັນຊະຍະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ເກີດສຽງກັງວານກ້ອງກັບ—ສຽງມຣິດັງກະ (mṛdaṅga) ແລະ ອານະກະ (ānaka), ສຽງຈະຣະ (jhara), ແລະດັ່ງກັນນັ້ນ ສຽງປະຕະຫະ (paṭaha) ກອງສົງຄາມ»។ ຂໍ້ຄຳນີ້ຊີ້ວ່າ ສຽງເຄື່ອງດົນຕີໃນສະໜາມຮົບ ຂະຫຍາຍທັງຄວາມມຸ່ງໝັ້ນຮ່ວມແລະຄວາມຂົ່ມຂູ່ ປະກາດການທະວີຄວາມຂັດແຍ່ງ ແລະນ້ຳໜັກທາງທຳມະຂອງແຮງພາສົງຄາມ.

Word by Word

• मृदङ्गानां: of drums (mṛdaṅgas)
• मृदङ्गानां: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृदङ्ग
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• कनिह्वदैः: with sounds/roars
• कनिह्वदैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कनिह्वद
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• सझरैः: with (those) having a rushing/streaming (quality)
• सझरैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-झर
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• पटहैः: with kettle-drums (paṭahas)
• पटहैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पटह
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• तथा: and also/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• mṛdaṅga (drum)
• ānaka (war-drum)
• jhara (percussion instrument)
• paṭaha (war-drum)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how war is not only fought with weapons but also with sound and spectacle—drums and proclamations that stir courage, spread fear, and propel groups into action, reminding readers of the psychological and ethical gravity that accompanies collective violence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports the rising tumult on the battlefield: multiple kinds of drums and percussion instruments are being sounded together, indicating mobilization, heightened tension, and the onset or intensification of combat.