Shloka 107

Adhyāya 141 — Night duels: Śaineya and Bhūriśravas; Droṇi and Ghaṭotkaca; Bhīma and Duryodhana

Devanagari script

जितस्त्वमसकृद्‌ दुष्ट कत्थसे कि वृथा55त्मना । जयाजयीौ महेन्द्रस्य लोके दृष्टौ पुरातनै:,“अरे दुष्ट! मैंने तुझे एक बार नहीं, बारंबार हराया है; फिर क्‍यों व्यर्थ अपने ही मुँहसे अपनी बड़ाई कर रहा है। संसारमें पूर्वपुरुषोंने देवराज इन्द्रकी भी कभी जय और कभी पराजय होती देखी है

Transliteration

jitas tvam asakṛd duṣṭa katthase kiṁ vṛthātmanā | jayājayau mahendrasya loke dṛṣṭau purātanaiḥ ||

Translation

ສັນຊະຍະກ່າວວ່າ: «ເຮີຍ ຄົນຊົ່ວ! ຂ້າໄດ້ຊະນະເຈົ້າບໍ່ແມ່ນຄັ້ງດຽວ ແຕ່ຫຼາຍຄັ້ງ; ເປັນຫຍັງຈຶ່ງອວດອ້າງໄຮ້ປະໂຫຍດ ຍົກຍ້ອງຕົນເອງ? ແມ່ນແຕ່ມະເຫນທຣະ (ອິນທຣະ) ເຈົ້າແຫ່ງເທວະດາ ບັນພະບຸລຸດໃນອະດີດກໍເຄີຍເຫັນວ່າ ໃນໂລກນີ້ມີທັງຊະນະແລະພ່າຍແພ້»។

Word by Word

• जितः: conquered/defeated
• जितः: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि (धातु) / जित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• असकृत्: repeatedly, many times
• असकृत्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: असकृत्

• दुष्ट: O wicked one
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्ट
• Form: पुं, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• कत्थसे: you boast
• Type: Verb
• Root: कत्थ् (धातु)
• Form: लट्, आत्मनेपद, मध्यम, एकवचन

• किम्: why?
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: किम्

• वृथा: in vain, uselessly
• वृथा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वृथा

• आत्मना: by yourself / with your own self (i.e., by your own mouth)
• आत्मना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन्
• Form: पुं, तृतीया, एकवचन

• जयाजयौ: victory and defeat
• जयाजयौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जय / अजय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, द्विवचन

• महेन्द्रस्य: of great Indra (the lord of gods)
• महेन्द्रस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: महेन्द्र
• Form: पुं, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• लोके: in the world
• लोके: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक
• Form: पुं, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• दृष्टौ: have been seen (as a pair: victory & defeat)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु) / दृष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), पुं, प्रथमा, द्विवचन

• पुरातनैः: by the ancients/forefathers
• पुरातनैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरातन
• Form: पुं, तृतीया, बहुवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Mahendra (Indra)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse condemns empty self-praise and reminds that worldly success is unstable: even Indra experiences both victory and defeat. Ethically, it urges humility and realism in the face of changing fortune, especially amid war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports a rebuke directed at a boastful, morally blameworthy warrior who keeps bragging despite being defeated repeatedly. The rebuke is reinforced by citing the ancient observation that even Indra is not always victorious.