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Shloka 55

Devanagari script

बहुवाद्याश्न कौरव्य सुदामान: सुमल्लिका: । वध्रा: करीषकाश्नलापि कुलिन्दोपत्यकास्तथा,पुण्ड्र, भर्ग, किरात, सुदृष्ट, यामुन, शक, निषाद, निषध, आनर्त, नैर#ऋत, दुर्गाल, प्रतिमत्स्य, कुन्तल, कोसल, तीरग्रह, शूरसेन, ईजिक, कन्यकागुण, तिलभार, मसीर, मधुमान, सुकन्दक, काश्मीर, सिन्धुसौवीर, गान्धार, दर्शक, अभीसार, उलूत, शैवाल, बाह्लिक, दार्वी, वानव, दर्व, वातज, आमरथ, उरग, बहुवाद्य, सुदाम, सुमल्लिक, वध्र, करीषक, कुलिन्द, उपत्यक, वनायु, दश, पार्श्वरोम, कुशबिन्दु, कच्छ, गोपालकक्ष, जांगल, कुरुवर्णक, किरात, बर्बर, सिद्ध, वैदेह, ताम्रलिप्तक, ओण्ड्, म्लेच्छ, सैसिरिध्र और पार्वतीय इत्यादि

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | bahuvādyāś ca kauravya sudāmānaḥ sumallikāḥ | vadhraḥ karīṣakāś caiva kulindopatyakās tathā | puṇḍrā bhargāḥ kirātāḥ sudṛṣṭā yāmunāḥ śakāḥ | niṣādā niṣadhā ānartā nairṛtā durgālāḥ | pratimatsyāḥ kuntalāḥ kosalās tīragrahāḥ śūrasenāḥ | ījikāḥ kanyakāguṇāḥ tilabhārā masīrā madhumānaḥ sukandakāḥ | kāśmīrāḥ sindhusauvīrā gāndhārā darśakāḥ abhīsārāḥ | ulūtāḥ śaivālāḥ bāhlīkāḥ dārvī vānavāḥ darvāḥ | vātajāḥ āmarathāḥ uragāḥ vanāyavaḥ daśāḥ pārśvaromāḥ | kuśabindavaḥ kacchāḥ gopālakakṣāḥ jāṅgalāḥ kurūvarṇakāḥ | kirātā barbarāḥ siddhā vaidehāḥ tāmraliptakāḥ oṇḍāḥ | mlecchāḥ saisiridhrāḥ pārvatīyāś ca ityādayaḥ ||

Translation

ສັນຈະຍະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ໂອ ຜູ້ສືບສາຍກຸຣຸ ແຫ່ງກອຣະວະ! ຍັງມີຊົນເຜົ່າອື່ນໆອີກຫຼາຍ—ສຸດາມານະ, ສຸມັລລິກະ, ວັດຣະ, ກາຣີສະກະ, ກຸລິນດະແຫ່ງຫຸບເຂົາ, ປຸນດຣະ, ພັຣກະ, ກິຣາຕະ, ຢາມຸນະ, ສະກະ, ນິສາດະ, ອານັຣຕະ, ໄນຣຶຕະ ແລະອື່ນໆອີກ—ພ້ອມທັງ ປຣະຕິມັດສະຍະ, ກຸນຕະລະ, ໂກສະລະ, ຊູຣະເສນະ, ກາສະມີຣະ, ສິນທຸ-ສາວີຣະ, ການທາຣະ, ອະພີສາຣະ, ບາຫລີກະ ແລະກຸ່ມຊົນຢູ່ປ່າແລະພູອີກຫຼາຍ ຮວມທັງ ມເລັດຈະ ແລະ ປາຣະວະຕີຍະ».

Word by Word
बहुवाद्याःthe Bahuvādya people (lit. ‘many-instruments’)
बहुवाद्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबहुवाद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्नunclear (likely corrupt reading in the supplied text)
अश्न:
TypeVerb
Rootअश्न (अश् धातु, लट्/लङ्-रूप; here as a textual/orthographic corruption)
FormUnclear (corrupt/variant), Unclear, Unclear
कौरव्यO descendant of Kuru
कौरव्य:
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सुदामानःthe Sudāmāna people
सुदामानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुदामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सुमल्लिकाःthe Sumallikā people
सुमल्लिकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुमल्लिका (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वध्राःthe Vadharā/Vadhrā people
वध्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
करीषकाःthe Karīṣaka people
करीषकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकरीषक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुलिन्दोपत्यकाःthose of the Kulinda valleys
कुलिन्दोपत्यकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुलिन्द-उपत्यका (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाand also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
पुण्ड्राःthe Puṇḍras
पुण्ड्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुण्ड्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भर्गाःthe Bhargas
भर्गाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
किराताःthe Kirātas
किराताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकिरात (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सुदृष्टाःthe Sudṛṣṭas
सुदृष्टाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुदृष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यामुनाःthe Yāmunas (people of Yamunā region)
यामुनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयामुन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शकाःthe Śakas
शकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निषादाःthe Niṣādas
निषादाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिषाद (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निषधाःthe Niṣadhas
निषधाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिषध (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आनर्ताःthe Ānartas
आनर्ताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआनर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नैरृताःthe Nairṛtas
नैरृताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनैरृत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दुर्गालाःthe Durgālas
दुर्गालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्गाल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रतिमत्स्याःthe Prati-matsyas (a Matsya-related group)
प्रतिमत्स्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिमत्स्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुन्तलाःthe Kuntalas
कुन्तलाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुन्तल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कोसलाःthe Kosalas
कोसलाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकोसल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तीरग्रहाःthose who hold/occupy river-banks (Tīragrahas)
तीरग्रहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतीरग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शूरसेनाःthe Śūrasenas
शूरसेनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूरसेन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ईजिकाःthe Ījikas
ईजिकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootईजिक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कन्यकागुणाःthe Kanyākāguṇas
कन्यकागुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकन्यका-गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तिलभाराःthe Tilabhāras
तिलभाराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतिलभार (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मसीराःthe Masīras
मसीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमसीर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मधुमानःthe Madhumans
मधुमानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमधुमन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सुकन्दकाःthe Sukandakas
सुकन्दकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुकन्दक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
काश्मीराःthe Kāśmīras
काश्मीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाश्मीर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सिन्धुसौवीराःthe Sindhus and Sauvīras
सिन्धुसौवीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धु-सौवीर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गान्धाराःthe Gāndhāras
गान्धाराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगान्धार (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दर्शकाःthe Darśakas
दर्शकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदर्शक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अभीसाराःthe Abhīsāras
अभीसाराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभीसार (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उलूताःthe Ulūtas
उलूताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउलूत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शैवालाःthe Śaivālas
शैवालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशैवाल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बाह्लिकाःthe Bāhlikas
बाह्लिकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबाह्लिक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दार्व्याःthe Dārvya people
दार्व्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदार्वी (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वानवाःthe Vānava people
वानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवानव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दर्वाःthe Darvas
दर्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वातजाःthe Vātajas
वातजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवातज (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आमरथाःthe Āmarathas
आमरथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआमरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उरगाःthe Uragas
उरगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउरग (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बहुवाद्याःthe Bahuvādya people
बहुवाद्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबहुवाद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सुदामाःthe Sudāmas
सुदामाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुदाम (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सुमल्लिकाःthe Sumallikas
सुमल्लिकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुमल्लिक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वध्राःthe Vadhras
वध्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
करीषकाःthe Karīṣakas
करीषकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकरीषक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुलिन्दाःthe Kulindas
कुलिन्दाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुलिन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उपत्यकाःvalley-dwellers / those of valleys
उपत्यकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपत्यका (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वनायवःthe Vanāyus
वनायवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवनायु (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दशाःthe Daśas
दशाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदश (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पार्श्वरोमाःthe Pārśvaromas
पार्श्वरोमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्श्वरोम (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुशबिन्दवःthe Kuśabindus
कुशबिन्दवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुशबिन्दु (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कच्छाःthe Kacchas
कच्छाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकच्छ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गोपालकक्षाःthe Gopālakakṣas
गोपालकक्षाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोपाल-कक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जाङ्गलाःthe Jāṅgalas
जाङ्गलाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजाङ्गल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुरुवर्णकाःthe Kuruwarṇakas
कुरुवर्णकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुवर्णक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
किराताःthe Kirātas
किराताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकिरात (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बर्बराःthe Barbaras
बर्बराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबर्बर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सिद्धाःthe Siddhas
सिद्धाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसिद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वैदेहाःthe Vaidehas
वैदेहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैदेह (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ताम्रलिप्तकाःthe Tāmraliptakas
ताम्रलिप्तकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootताम्रलिप्तक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ओण्डाःthe Oṇḍas (uncertain identification)
ओण्डाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootओण्ड (प्रातिपदिक; uncertain reading)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
म्लेच्छाःthe Mlecchas (foreign/outsider peoples)
म्लेच्छाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootम्लेच्छ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सैसिरिध्राःthe Saisiridhras (uncertain identification)
सैसिरिध्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसैसिरिध्र (प्रातिपदिक; uncertain)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पार्वतीयाःthe mountain-dwellers
पार्वतीयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्वतीय (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इत्यादिand so on
इत्यादि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति + आदि (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities
S
Sañjaya
K
Kauravya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
S
Sudāmāna
S
Sumallika
V
Vadhra
K
Karīṣaka
K
Kulinda
U
Upatyakā (mountain valleys)
P
Puṇḍra
B
Bharga
K
Kirāta
S
Sudṛṣṭa
Y
Yāmuna
Ś
Śaka
N
Niṣāda
N
Niṣadha
Ā
Ānarta
N
Nairṛta
D
Durgāla
P
Pratimatsya
K
Kuntala
K
Kosala
T
Tīragraha
Ś
Śūrasena
Ī
Ījika
K
Kanyakāguṇa
T
Tilabhāra
M
Masīra
M
Madhumān
S
Sukandaka
K
Kāśmīra
S
Sindhu
S
Sauvīra
G
Gāndhāra
D
Darśaka
A
Abhīsāra
U
Ulūta
Ś
Śaivāla
B
Bāhlīka
D
Dārvī
V
Vānava
D
Darva
V
Vātaja
Ā
Āmaratha
U
Uraga
V
Vanāyu
D
Daśa
P
Pārśvaroma
K
Kuśabindu
K
Kaccha
G
Gopālakakṣa
J
Jāṅgala
K
Kurūvarṇaka
B
Barbara
S
Siddha
V
Vaideha
T
Tāmraliptaka
O
Oṇḍa
M
Mleccha
S
Saisiridhra
P
Pārvatīya
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

The verse functions less as a moral maxim and more as an ethical framing device: by naming a wide range of peoples, it highlights how a dynastic dispute expands into a pan-regional catastrophe, implying the heavy responsibility borne by leaders whose choices draw countless communities into suffering.

Sañjaya is reporting to Dhṛtarāṣṭra the composition of the assembled forces, listing many tribes and regions that have come to the battlefield. It is part of the broader description of the armies and the vast scope of the impending war.

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