Shloka 2

Devanagari script

चतुर्णा शत्रुजातानां सर्वेषामाततायिनाम्‌ | मित्र चामित्रमित्रं च बोद्धव्यं तेडरिकर्शन,शत्रुसूदन! तुम्हें चार प्रकारके शत्रुओंके और छ: प्रकारके आततायियोंके भेदोंको एवं मित्र और शत्रुके मित्रको भी पहचानना चाहिये

Transliteration

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | caturṇāṃ śatrujātānāṃ sarveṣām ātatāyinām | mitraṃ cāmitramitraṃ ca boddhavyaṃ te dhṛkīrśana, śatrusūdana ||

Translation

ທຣິຕະຣາສະຕຣະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ໂອ ຜູ້ປາບສັດຕູ, ເຈົ້າຄວນເຂົ້າໃຈໃຫ້ແຈ້ງເຖິງສັດຕູ 4 ຈໍາພວກ, ພວກຜູ້ຮຸກຮານອັນຮຸນແຮງ (ātatāyin) ຫຼາຍປະເພດ, ແລະຈົ່ງຮູ້ຈັກຈໍາແນກມິດ ແລະມິດຂອງສັດຕູ. ຄວາມຮູ້ແຍກແຍະນີ້ແມ່ນຈໍາເປັນຕໍ່ການປະພຶດທີ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ ແລະການກະທໍາຢ່າງຮອບຄອບ».

Word by Word

चतुर्णाम्of four

शत्रुजातानाम्of the classes/types of enemies

सर्वेषाम्of all

आततायिनाम्of assailants/violent aggressors

मित्रम्a friend

चand

अमित्रमित्रम्the friend of an enemy

चand

बोद्धव्यम्should be understood/recognized

तेfor you/to you

अरिन्दमO subduer of foes

Speaker

धघतयाट्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Śatrusūdana (epithet)

Dhṛkīrśana (epithet)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches discernment in ethical and practical life: one should know how to classify enemies and identify violent aggressors (ātatāyins), and also understand alliance-structures—who is truly a friend and who is aligned with an enemy—so that one’s actions remain prudent and in accord with dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Dhṛtarāṣṭra addresses a warrior addressed by epithets like “Śatrusūdana,” urging him to recognize different categories of hostility and aggression, including the enemy’s allies. The statement functions as counsel on navigating danger and relationships in a tense political-moral landscape.