Shloka 49

Mukti-tattva Upadeśa: Knowledge as the Direct Cause of Liberation

Devanagari script

यावतः कुरुते जन्तुः सम्बन्धान्मनसः प्रियान् / तावन्तो ऽस्य निखन्यन्ते हृदये शोकशङ्कवः

Transliteration

yāvataḥ kurute jantuḥ sambandhānmanasaḥ priyān / tāvanto 'sya nikhanyante hṛdaye śokaśaṅkavaḥ

Translation

ສັດມີຊີວິດສ້າງຄວາມຜູກພັນອັນເປັນທີ່ຮັກໃນໃຈໄດ້ຫຼາຍເທົ່າໃດ ກໍມີຫອກແຫ່ງຄວາມໂສກເສົ້າຖືກປັກລົງໃນຫົວໃຈຂອງຜູ້ນັ້ນຫຼາຍເທົ່ານັ້ນ.

Word by Word

• यावतः: as many as
• यावतः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यावत् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; correl. adjective ‘as many as’; qualifies सम्बन्धान्

• कुरुते: makes, forms
• कुरुते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; makes/creates

• जन्तुः: a creature, person
• जन्तुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता), एकवचन; nominative singular masculine

• सम्बन्धान्: connections, attachments
• सम्बन्धान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्बन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), बहुवचन; accusative plural masculine

• मनसः: of the mind
• मनसः: Sambandha/Genitive (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; genitive singular neuter

• प्रियान्: dear, beloved
• प्रियान्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; accusative plural masculine; qualifies सम्बन्धान्

• तावन्तः: so many
• तावन्तः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तावत् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; correl. adjective ‘so many’; qualifies शङ्कवः

• अस्य: of him, his
• अस्य: Sambandha/Genitive (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; genitive singular pronoun

• निखन्यन्ते: are hammered in, are embedded
• निखन्यन्ते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि+खन् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; are driven in/embedded

• हृदये: in the heart
• हृदये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हृदय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; locative singular neuter

• शोक-शङ्कवः: spikes of grief
• शोक-शङ्कवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोक (प्रातिपदिक) + शङ्कु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता), बहुवचन; nominative plural masculine; subject of निखन्यन्ते

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Mental attachments (manasaḥ priya-saṃbandha) inevitably generate proportional sorrow; the mind’s clinging manufactures suffering.

Vedantic Theme: Rāga (attachment) as a klesha leading to duḥkha; saṅkalpa creates bandha; purification of antaḥkaraṇa reduces śoka.

Application: Audit attachments and expectations; practice equanimity (upekṣā) and devotion/meditation to loosen rāga; cultivate gratitude without grasping.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: teachings on śoka arising from attachment (theme-level parallel)

Characters & Entities

• Jantu (embodied being)
• Manas (mind)
• Shoka (grief)

FAQs

What is the importance of attachment (sambandha) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse teaches that mental attachment itself becomes a direct cause of suffering: the more ‘dear’ bonds the mind clings to, the more intense and numerous the griefs that pierce the heart.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul after death?

In the Preta Kanda context, it implies that unresolved attachments and emotional clinging burden the departed and the living alike, making the post-death transition more painful through grief and mental fixation.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate love with non-clinging: perform duties and care for family, but practice inner detachment (vairagya) so that inevitable separation does not collapse the mind into overwhelming sorrow.