Shloka 130

Dharma–Adharma Marks; Daśāha, Piṇḍa Formation, Śrāddha Calendar, Śayyā-dāna, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

विभक्तैश्च पृथक् कार्या क्रिया सांवत्सरादिका / एकैकेन च कर्तव्या पुत्रेण च स्वयंस्वयम्

Transliteration

vibhaktaiśca pṛthak kāryā kriyā sāṃvatsarādikā / ekaikena ca kartavyā putreṇa ca svayaṃsvayam

Translation

ຖ້າລູກຊາຍແຍກຢູ່ເປັນເຮືອນເຮືອນ (ແບ່ງຄອບຄົວ) ພິທີປະຈຳປີ ແລະ ພິທີຫຼັງມໍລະນະອື່ນໆ ກໍຄວນເຮັດແຍກກັນ. ລູກຊາຍແຕ່ລະຄົນຕ້ອງເຮັດເອງໂດຍຕົນເອງ.

Word by Word

• vibhaktaiḥ: by those who are divided (in property)
• vibhaktaiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vibhakta (प्रातिपदिक; √bhaj + kta)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Bahuvacana (Plural); used substantively: 'by the divided (brothers)'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction)

• pṛthak: separately
• pṛthak: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pṛthak (अव्यय)
• Form: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa avyaya (adverb)

• kāryā: to be done
• kāryā: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kārya (प्रातिपदिक; √kṛ + यत्)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana (Singular); predicate adjective agreeing with 'kriyā'

• kriyā: the rite/ceremony
• kriyā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kriyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana (Singular)

• sāṃvatsara-ādikā: annual and the like
• sāṃvatsara-ādikā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sāṃvatsara (प्रातिपदिक) + ādika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana (Singular); tatpuruṣa: 'sāṃvatsarādayaḥ' (annual etc.) qualifying 'kriyā'

• eka-ekena: by each one (individually)
• eka-ekena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक) + eka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana (Singular); avyayībhāva sense: 'one by one/each individually'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction)

• kartavyā: must be performed
• kartavyā: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kartavya (प्रातिपदिक; √kṛ + tavya)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana (Singular); gerundive (obligation) agreeing with 'kriyā'

• putreṇa: by the son
• putreṇa: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana (Singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction)

• svayam: oneself
• svayam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: Ātma-vācaka avyaya (reflexive adverb)

• svayam: each for himself
• svayam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: Punaruccāraṇa (reduplication for distributive emphasis)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Ābdika (annual) and related continuing post-death rites, performed in each separate household.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: When sons live separately, annual and related rites are to be performed separately; each son should do them personally.

Vedantic Theme: Svadharma and personal agency in karma: responsibility is not outsourced; each doer accrues saṃskāra through right action.

Application: In separated families, each son should maintain his own annual śrāddha calendar and perform (or sponsor) rites without assuming another will do it.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: annual śrāddha (ābdika) and continuing obligations after sapiṇḍīkaraṇa (contextual continuity within 2.34)

Characters & Entities

• Putra (son)
• Departed ancestor (Preta/Pitṛ context implied)

FAQs

What does this verse teach about Garuda Purana death rituals for sons living separately?

It states that even if brothers are separated, the annual and related rites for the departed should be done separately, with each son performing them on his own.

How does this verse relate to the soul’s journey after death in the Garuda Purana?

By emphasizing timely and proper yearly rites (sāṃvatsarika etc.), it supports the Garuda Purana’s broader teaching that correct śrāddha and kriyā help maintain dharmic obligations to the departed and stabilize the post-death transition within ancestral frameworks.

What is a practical application of this teaching today?

If siblings live in different homes or cities, each should take personal responsibility for the prescribed annual remembrance/śrāddha duties rather than assuming another will do it.