Shloka 25

Jñāna-hetu-nirūpaṇa

On the Causes/Means of Knowledge

Devanagari script

येये देवा विषयेषु निष्ठास्तेते देवा बहिरर्थभावाः / येये देवा बहिरर्थभावा मोक्षा दन्ये प्रलपन्तः सदैव

Transliteration

yeye devā viṣayeṣu niṣṭhāstete devā bahirarthabhāvāḥ / yeye devā bahirarthabhāvā mokṣā danye pralapantaḥ sadaiva

Translation

ເທວະໃດທີ່ຍຶດຕິດຢູ່ໃນວັດຖຸອາຣົມ ເທວະນັ້ນແທ້ໆແມ່ນ “ເທວະ” ຜູ້ມີທັດສະນະຫັນອອກນອກ ໄປຫາສິ່ງພາຍນອກ. ແລະເທວະໃດທີ່ຫັນອອກນອກ ກໍມັກຈະພູດພຽງແຕ່ເລື່ອງ “ໂມກະ” ທີ່ຢູ່ອື່ນໄກ ຢູ່ເທື່ອງໆບໍ່ຢຸດ.

Word by Word

• ये: those who
• ये: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम

• ये: (indeed) who
• ये: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन; द्विरुक्ति (emphatic repetition)

• देवाः: gods
• देवाः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• विषयेषु: in sense-objects
• विषयेषु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी, बहुवचन

• निष्ठाः: steadfast/attached
• निष्ठाः: प्रत्यय/विधेय
• Type: Noun
• Root: निष्ठा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• ते: they
• ते: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• ते: (those very)
• ते: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन; द्विरुक्ति (emphatic)

• देवाः: are gods
• देवाः: प्रत्यय/विधेय (predicate noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• बहिरर्थभावाः: having outward/object-oriented disposition
• बहिरर्थभावाः: प्रत्यय-विशेषण (predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहिर्-अर्थ-भाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (बहिः अर्थः एव भावः येषाम्)

• ये: those who
• ये: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• ये: (indeed) who
• ये: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन; द्विरुक्ति

• देवाः: gods
• देवाः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• बहिरर्थभावाः: outwardly object-minded
• बहिरर्थभावाः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहिर्-अर्थ-भाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• मोक्षादन्ये: others than liberation / different from liberation
• मोक्षादन्ये: कर्ता
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मोक्षात् अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन; पञ्चमी-तत्पुरुषार्थे (मोक्षात् = Ablative ‘from liberation’) + अन्ये (others)

• प्रलपन्तः: prattling/talking
• प्रलपन्तः: कर्ता-विशेषण (qualifier of ‘others’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-लप् (धातु) + शतृ (प्रत्यय)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (present active participle, शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• सदा: always
• सदा: कालाधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (always)

• एव: indeed/only
• एव: अवधारण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Outward orientation (bahir-artha-bhava) is bondage; mere discourse about moksha is futile without inward turning and realization.

Vedantic Theme: Distinction between paroksha-vada (talk) and aparoksha-anubhava (direct realization); necessity of antarmukhatva and vairagya for liberation.

Application: Audit one’s ‘spiritual talk’ versus practice: reduce performative discourse; cultivate inwardness through meditation, japa, and sense-restraint; prioritize direct sadhana over identity/status.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (general): warnings against hypocrisy and mere verbal religiosity; Garuda Purana (general): emphasis on vairagya and bhakti as real means to moksha

Characters & Entities

• Devas
• Moksha

FAQs

What is the importance of vairagya (dispassion) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse stresses that fixation on sense-objects creates an outward-turned mindset, which prevents genuine liberation; vairagya is implied as the corrective that turns awareness inward toward moksha.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul toward moksha?

It distinguishes outward attachment (viṣaya-niṣṭhā) from authentic liberation, implying that mere talk or status—even among devas—does not grant moksha without inner turning away from external objects.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Reduce compulsive sense-indulgence, cultivate inner discipline (japa, meditation, self-study), and treat ‘spiritual talk’ as secondary to lived detachment and ethical conduct.