Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 18

Varṇāśrama-Dharma and the Thirty Qualities of a Human Being

ऋतामृताभ्यां जीवेत मृतेन प्रमृतेन वा । सत्यानृताभ्यामपि वा न श्ववृत्त्या कदाचन ॥ १८ ॥ ऋतमुञ्छशिलं प्रोक्तममृतं यदयाचितम् । मृतं तु नित्ययाच्ञा स्यात्प्रमृतं कर्षणं स्मृतम् ॥ १९ ॥ सत्यानृतं च वाणिज्यं श्ववृत्तिर्नीचसेवनम् । वर्जयेत्तां सदा विप्रो राजन्यश्च जुगुप्सिताम् । सर्ववेदमयो विप्र: सर्वदेवमयो नृप: ॥ २० ॥

ṛtāmṛtābhyāṁ jīveta mṛtena pramṛtena vā satyānṛtābhyām api vā na śva-vṛttyā kadācana

ໃນຍາມຄັບຂັນ ອາດດຳລົງຊີວິດດ້ວຍອາຊີບ ṛta, amṛta, mṛta, pramṛta ແລະ satyānṛta ໄດ້; ແຕ່ບໍ່ຄວນຮັບ śva-vṛtti ຄືການຮັບໃຊ້ຕ່ຳຊ້າເຫມືອນໝາເລີຍ।

ऋतामृताभ्याम्by (means of) ṛta and amṛta (two kinds of livelihood)
ऋतामृताभ्याम्:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत + अमृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), द्विवचन; द्वन्द्वसमास (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व): ‘ऋत’ च ‘अमृत’ च
जीवेतshould live
जीवेत:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootजीव् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative/विधि), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
मृतेनby mṛta (begging)
मृतेन:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन
प्रमृतेनby pramṛta (ploughing/agriculture)
प्रमृतेन:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन
वाor
वा:
सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (particle of alternative)
सत्यानृताभ्याम्by satya and anṛta (truthful and untruthful means; trade)
सत्यानृताभ्याम्:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य + अनृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), द्विवचन; द्वन्द्वसमास (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व): ‘सत्य’ च ‘अनृत’ च
अपिalso/even
अपि:
सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (also/even)
वाor
वा:
सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (particle of alternative)
not
:
सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (Negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation)
श्ववृत्त्याby dog-like livelihood (servile service)
श्ववृत्त्या:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootश्ववृत्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: श्वनः (कुक्कुरस्य) वृत्तिः
कदाचनever/at any time (i.e., never)
कदाचन:
अधिकरण (Time/कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचन (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time), ‘ever/at any time’ (usually with negation: ‘never’)

As stated in Bhagavad-gītā (4.13) , cātur-varṇyaṁ mayā sṛṣṭaṁ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ: the four divisions of human society were created by the Supreme Lord according to the three modes of material nature and the work ascribed to them. Formerly, the principle of dividing human society into four sections — brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya and śūdra — was strictly followed, but because of gradual neglect of the varṇāśrama principles, varṇa-saṅkara population developed, and the entire institution has now been lost. In this Age of Kali, practically everyone is a śūdra ( kalau śūdra-sambhavāḥ ), and finding anyone who is a brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya or vaiśya is very difficult. Although the Kṛṣṇa consciousness movement is a movement of brāhmaṇas and Vaiṣṇavas, it is trying to reestablish the divine varṇāśrama institution, for without this division of society there cannot be peace and prosperity anywhere.

P
Prahlāda Mahārāja

FAQs

Bhagavatam 7.11.18 permits gleaning, unsolicited charity, begging, agriculture, and in extreme need even trade—but forbids degraded, servile dependence described as “dog-like livelihood.”

Because it implies losing dignity and dharmic independence by flattering or serving the wicked for maintenance, which undermines a brāhmaṇa’s spiritual integrity.

Choose honest, dharmic work and avoid compromising one’s values for income—especially work that demands unethical compliance or humiliating dependence.