Sutra 9

Devanagari script

उत्साहवतश्च प्रभाववन्तो जित्वा क्रीत्वा च स्त्रियो बालाः पङ्गवोऽन्धाश्च पृथिवीं जिग्युरिति ॥ कZ_०९.१.०९ ॥

Transliteration

utsāhavataś ca prabhāvavanto jitvā krītvā ca striyo bālāḥ paṅgavo ’ndhāś ca pṛthivīṃ jigyur iti

Translation

ເຂົາເວົ້າກັນວ່າ ຜູ້ທີ່ມີຄວາມກະຕືລືລົ້ນ/ຄວາມຮິເລີ່ມ (utsāha) ແລະ ອຳນາດທີ່ມີປະສິດທິຜົນ (prabhāva) ໄດ້ຊະນະແຜ່ນດິນ—ຈະໂດຍການພິຊິດ ຫຼື ໂດຍການຊື້ກໍຕາມ—ແມ່ນແຕ່ເປັນຜູ້ຍິງ, ເດັກນ້ອຍ, ຄົນຂາເປ້ ຫຼື ຄົນຕາບອດກໍຕາມ.

Word by Word

• उत्साहवतस्: (those) possessing energy/enterprise
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्साहवत्
• Form: प्रातिपदिक (उत्साहवत्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (विशेषण)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• प्रभाववन्तः: powerful/influential
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रभाववत्
• Form: प्रातिपदिक (प्रभाववत्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (विशेषण)

• जित्वा: having conquered
• Type: Verb (Gerund)
• Root: जि
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), धातु: जि (जय), अर्थ: ‘having conquered’

• क्रीत्वा: having bought (won over by purchase)
• Type: Verb (Gerund)
• Root: क्री
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), धातु: क्री (क्रय), अर्थ: ‘having bought/purchased’

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• स्त्रियः: women
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन

• बालाः: children / boys (the young)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाल
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन

• पङ्गवः: the lame
• Type: Noun
• Root: पङ्गु
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन

• अन्धाः: the blind
• Type: Noun/Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अन्ध
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• पृथिवीम्: the earth; the realm/kingdom
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (कर्म)

• जिग्युः: they conquered / they won
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि
• Form: लिट् (परस्मैपद), प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन; धातु: जि (जय)

• इति: thus (it is said)
• Type: Quotative particle
• Root: इति
• Form: उद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• king/leader (implicit)
• territory (pṛthivī)

More Details

FAQs

What administrative claim is being made by listing women, children, the lame, and the blind?

That sovereignty depends less on conventional markers of capability and more on initiative and effective power; the examples stress that organizational force can overcome personal limitations.

Why does Kautilya include ‘purchase’ alongside ‘conquest’?

He treats acquisition of territory as a strategic outcome achievable through multiple instruments—military force or economic/transactional means—whichever is more expedient.