Shloka 16

धर्म: पर: पाण्डव राज्यलाभात्‌ तस्यार्थमाहुस्तप एव राजन्‌ । सत्यार्जवाभ्यां चरता स्वधर्म जितस्त्वयायं च परश्च॒ लोक:,“राजन! पाण्डुनन्दन! राज्यलाभकी अपेक्षा धर्म महान्‌ है। धर्मकी वृद्धिके लिये तपको ही प्रधान साधन बताया गया है। आप सत्य और सरलता आदि सदगुणोंके साथ-साथ स्वधर्मका पालन करते हैं, अतः आपने इस लोक और परलोक दोनोंको जीत लिया है

dharmaḥ paraḥ pāṇḍava rājyālābhāt tasyārtham āhus tapa eva rājan | satyārjavābhyāṃ caratā svadharma jitas tvayāyaṃ ca paraś ca lokaḥ ||

ವೈಶಂಪಾಯನನು ಹೇಳಿದನು—ರಾಜನೇ, ಪಾಂಡುನಂದನನೇ! ರಾಜ್ಯಲಾಭಕ್ಕಿಂತಲೂ ಧರ್ಮವೇ ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠ. ಧರ್ಮದ ವೃದ್ಧಿ ಮತ್ತು ಸಿದ್ಧಿಗಾಗಿ ತಪಸ್ಸೇ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಸಾಧನವೆಂದು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಸತ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಸರಳತೆಯೊಂದಿಗೆ ಸ್ವಧರ್ಮವನ್ನು ಆಚರಿಸುವ ನೀನು ಇಹಲೋಕವನ್ನೂ ಪರಲೋಕವನ್ನೂ ಎರಡನ್ನೂ ಜಯಿಸಿದ್ದೀಯೆ.

धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परःsupreme, higher
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पाण्डवO Pāṇḍava
पाण्डव:
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राज्यलाभात्from gaining the kingdom
राज्यलाभात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootराज्यलाभ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
तस्यof that (dharma)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अर्थम्for the sake/purpose
अर्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey have said / they say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सत्यार्जवाभ्याम्by truth and straightforwardness
सत्यार्जवाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यार्जव
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Dual
चरताby (you) practicing/observing
चरता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
स्वधर्मम्one's own duty
स्वधर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जितःconquered
जितः:
TypeVerb
Rootजि
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormMasculine/Feminine, Instrumental, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परःthe other (i.e., next)
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
लोकःworld (realm)
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
P
Pāṇḍava (addressed; traditionally Yudhiṣṭhira)
T
this world (ayam lokaḥ)
T
the other world (paraḥ lokaḥ)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is presented as superior to political gain; the primary means to strengthen dharma is tapas—disciplined self-restraint. A life grounded in truth (satya), straightforward integrity (ārjava), and faithful performance of one’s own duty (svadharma) yields success not only in worldly life but also in the hereafter.

Vaiśampāyana addresses a Pāṇḍava king (commonly understood as Yudhiṣṭhira) and praises his conduct. The speech reframes the pursuit of kingship: rather than treating the kingdom as the highest goal, it elevates dharma and commends the Pāṇḍava for embodying it through austerity, truthfulness, and uprightness—thereby ‘winning’ both worlds.