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Shloka 19

Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Inquiry and Sañjaya’s Etymologies of Kṛṣṇa’s Names

Puruṣottama-nāma-nirvacana

इन्द्रियाणां यमे यत्तो भव राजन्नतन्द्रित: । बुद्धिश्च ते मा च्यवतु नियच्छैनां यतस्तत:,राजन्‌! आप आलस्य छोड़कर इन्द्रियोंके संयममें तत्पर हो जाइये और अपनी बुद्धिको जैसे भी सम्भव हो, नियन्त्रणमें रखिये, जिससे वह अपने लक्ष्यसे भ्रष्ट न हो

indriyāṇāṁ yame yatto bhava rājann atandritaḥ | buddhiś ca te mā cyavatu niyacchaināṁ yatas tataḥ ||

ಸಂಜಯನು ಹೇಳಿದನು—ರಾಜನೇ, ಆಲಸ್ಯವನ್ನು ತ್ಯಜಿಸಿ ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆಯಿಂದಿರು; ಇಂದ್ರಿಯನಿಗ್ರಹದಲ್ಲಿ ತೊಡಗು. ನಿನ್ನ ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಗುರಿಯಿಂದ ಜಾರಿಬಿಡದಂತೆ, ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾದ ಎಲ್ಲ ರೀತಿಯಿಂದ ಅದನ್ನು ನಿಯಂತ್ರಿಸು; ಅದು ಸತ್ಪಥದಿಂದ ತಪ್ಪದಿರಲಿ.

इन्द्रियाणाम्of the senses
इन्द्रियाणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
यमेin restraint/control
यमे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यत्तःrestrained; self-controlled
यत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवbe
भव:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperative, Second, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अतन्द्रितःunwearied; vigilant
अतन्द्रितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअतन्द्रित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिःintellect; understanding
बुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेof you; your
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormGenitive, Singular
माdo not (prohibitive)
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
च्यवतुlet it not slip/fall away
च्यवतु:
TypeVerb
Rootच्यु
FormImperative, Third, Singular
नियच्छrestrain; control
नियच्छ:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-यम्
FormImperative, Second, Singular
एनाम्this (her/it) (i.e., the intellect)
एनाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
यतःso that; because; from which
यतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत
ततःtherefrom; thereby; from that
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches disciplined vigilance: restrain the senses (indriya-nigraha) and keep the intellect steady on its proper aim, using every available means so that judgment does not deviate into negligence, passion, or error.

In the Udyoga Parva’s tense pre-war deliberations, Sañjaya addresses the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), urging him toward alert self-mastery—an ethical counsel meant to steady royal decision-making at a critical moment.