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Shloka 42

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

यदा स सेनापतिरप्रमेय: परामृदनन्निषुभिर्धार्तराष्ट्रान्‌ । द्रोणं रणे शत्रुसहो5भियाता तदा युद्ध धार्तराष्ट्रोडन्वतप्स्यत्‌,जब शत्रुओंका सामना करनेमें समर्थ अपरिमित शक्तिशाली सेनापति धृष्टद्युम्न अपने बाणोंद्वारा धृतराष्ट्र-पुत्रोंको कुचलता हुआ आचार्य द्रोगपर आक्रमण करेगा, उस समय युद्धका परिणाम सोचकर दुर्योधन बहुत पछतायेगा

sañjaya uvāca |

yadā sa senāpatir aprameyaḥ parāmṛdnann iṣubhir dhārtarāṣṭrān |

droṇaṃ raṇe śatrusahaḥ abhiyātā tadā yuddhaṃ dhārtarāṣṭro ’nvatapsyat ||

ಶತ್ರುಗಳನ್ನು ಎದುರಿಸಲು ಸಮರ್ಥನಾದ, ಅಪರಿಮಿತ ಶಕ್ತಿಯ ಸೇನಾಪತಿ ಧೃಷ್ಟದ್ಯುಮ್ನನು ತನ್ನ ಬಾಣಗಳಿಂದ ಧೃತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಪುತ್ರರನ್ನು ನುಚ್ಚುನೂರಾಗಿ ಮಾಡಿ ರಣದಲ್ಲಿ ದ್ರೋಣನ ಮೇಲೆ ದಾಳಿ ಮಾಡಲು ಮುನ್ನಡೆಯುವಾಗ, ಯುದ್ಧದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶವನ್ನು ಚಿಂತಿಸಿ ದುರ್ಯೋಧನನು ಪಶ್ಚಾತ್ತಾಪದಿಂದ ದಹಿಸಲ್ಪಡುವನು।

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सेनापतिःcommander (general)
सेनापतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसेनापति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अप्रमेयःimmeasurable, unfathomable
अप्रमेयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रमेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परामृदन्crushing, trampling down
परामृदन्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरामृद् (परि+मृद्)
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
नन्(poetic/phonetic filler; part of participial formation in some recensions)
नन्:
TypeParticle
Rootनन्
इषुभिःwith arrows
इषुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइषु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
धार्तराष्ट्रान्the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Kauravas)
धार्तराष्ट्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
द्रोणम्Droṇa
द्रोणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शत्रुसहःable to withstand enemies
शत्रुसहः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशत्रुसह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभियाताhaving attacked / advancing against
अभियाता:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि+या (यातृ/यात)
FormPast active participle (agentive), used as nominative singular masculine, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
युद्धेin the war
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्रःDuryodhana (the Dhṛtarāṣṭra prince)
धार्तराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्वतप्स्यत्will regret, will be pained
अन्वतप्स्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु+तप्
FormSimple future (Luṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dṛṣṭadyumna
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Kauravas)
D
Droṇa
D
Duryodhana
A
arrows
B
battle/war

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the moral consequence of choosing adharma: aggressive ambition and refusal of peace lead to inevitable suffering, and the instigator (here, Duryodhana) is later consumed by remorse when the destructive results unfold.

Sañjaya foretells a battlefield scene: Dṛṣṭadyumna, the Pāṇḍava commander, will overpower the Kauravas with arrows and move to attack Droṇa; witnessing the war’s grim turn, Duryodhana will be tormented by regret over the outcome he set in motion.