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Shloka 49

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

उदितेडनुदिते वापि श्रद्धधानो जितेन्द्रिय: । वह्निं जुहोति धर्मेण श्रद्धा वै कारणं महत्‌,'सूर्यके उदय होनेपर अथवा सूर्योदयसे पहले ही श्रद्धालु एवं जितेन्द्रिय मनुष्य जो धर्मके अनुसार अग्निमें आहुति देता है, उसमें श्रद्धा ही प्रधान हेतु है

udite 'nudite vāpi śraddadhāno jitendriyaḥ | vahniṃ juhoti dharmeṇa śraddhā vai kāraṇaṃ mahat ||

ಸೂರ್ಯೋದಯವಾಗಲಿ ಅಥವಾ ಸೂರ್ಯೋದಯಕ್ಕೂ ಮುನ್ನವಾಗಲಿ, ಶ್ರದ್ಧಾವಂತನಾಗಿ ಇಂದ್ರಿಯಜಿತನಾದವನು ಧರ್ಮಾನುಸಾರವಾಗಿ ಅಗ್ನಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಆಹುತಿಯನ್ನು ಅರ್ಪಿಸಿದರೆ—ಆ ಕರ್ಮದ ಸಾರ್ಥಕತೆಗೆ ಮಹತ್ತರ ಕಾರಣ ಶ್ರದ್ಧೆಯೇ.

उदितेwhen (the sun is) risen
उदिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउदित (√उद्)
Formneuter, locative, singular
अनुदितेwhen (the sun is) not yet risen
अनुदिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुदित (√उद्)
Formneuter, locative, singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
श्रद्धधानःfaithful, having faith
श्रद्धधानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रद्धधान (√धा)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
जितेन्द्रियःself-controlled (one whose senses are conquered)
जितेन्द्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजितेन्द्रिय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वह्निम्fire
वह्निम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवह्नि
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
जुहोतिoffers (as oblation), sacrifices
जुहोति:
TypeVerb
Rootहु
Formpresent, third, singular, parasmaipada
धर्मेणaccording to dharma / by righteous rule
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
श्रद्धाfaith
श्रद्धा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रद्धा
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
कारणम्cause, reason
कारणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
Formneuter, nominative, singular
महत्great, principal
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
Formneuter, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
vahni (Agni, sacrificial fire)
S
sūrya (sunrise implied by udite/anudite)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the inner disposition—śraddhā (faithful, sincere intent)—is the principal factor that makes a dharmic act spiritually effective; correct timing and procedure matter, but faith is the decisive cause.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma explains to Yudhiṣṭhira that a disciplined person offering oblations into the sacred fire—whether at sunrise or before it—achieves the rite’s true purpose chiefly through faith.