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Shloka 78

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

दण्डेन नीयते चेदं दण्डं नयति वा पुनः । दण्डनीतिरिति ख्याता त्रीललॉकानभिवर्तते,“इस शास्त्रके अनुसार दण्डके द्वारा जगत्‌का सन्मार्गपर स्थापन किया जाता है अथवा राजा इसके अनुसार प्रजावर्गमें दण्डकी स्थापना करता है; इसलिये यह विद्या दण्डनीतिके नामसे विख्यात है। इसका तीनों लोकोंमें विस्तार होगा

daṇḍena nīyate cedaṃ daṇḍaṃ nayati vā punaḥ | daṇḍanītir iti khyātā trīl lokān abhivartate ||

ದಂಡದಿಂದ ಈ ಲೋಕವು ಸನ್ಮಾರ್ಗದಲ್ಲಿ ನಡೆಸಲ್ಪಡುತ್ತದೆ; ಅಥವಾ ರಾಜನು ಈ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಾನುಸಾರವಾಗಿ ಪ್ರಜೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ದಂಡವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯನ್ನು ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಆದಕಾರಣ ಈ ವಿದ್ಯೆ ‘ದಂಡನೀತಿ’ ಎಂದು ಖ್ಯಾತವಾಗಿದೆ; ಇದರ ವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿ ತ್ರಿಲೋಕಗಳಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಹರಡಿದೆ.

दण्डेनby punishment/rod (authority)
दण्डेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
नीयतेis led/regulated
नीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootनी (नयति)
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इदम्this (world/order)
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दण्डम्punishment/rod
दण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नयतिleads/applies
नयति:
TypeVerb
Rootनी (नयति)
FormPresent, Active, Third, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
पुनःagain/further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
दण्डनीतिःpolicy/science of punishment (statecraft)
दण्डनीतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डनीति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
ख्याताknown/called
ख्याता:
TypeAdjective
Rootख्या (ख्यात)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
त्रीलोकान्the three worlds
त्रीलोकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अभिवर्ततेpervades/extends over
अभिवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तते) with अभि-
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
daṇḍa
D
daṇḍanīti
T
three worlds (triloka)

Educational Q&A

Social order is maintained when authority applies daṇḍa (punishment/discipline) in accordance with śāstra; this principled administration of punishment is called daṇḍanīti, a foundational element of rājadharma.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma explains to Yudhiṣṭhira why the science of governance is termed daṇḍanīti: it guides the world by enforcing discipline and enables the king to establish lawful restraint among subjects.