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Shloka 33

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

विद्यादेवंविधेनैषां गुरुलाघवनिश्चयम्‌

vidyād evaṃvidhenaiṣāṃ guru-lāghava-niścayam | paśu-pakṣiṇāṃ vadhaṃ kṛtvā bahūn anyān vṛkṣān ucchedya ca pāpa-yuktaḥ puruṣaḥ śuddhy-artham trīn ahāni trīṇi rātrīḥ kevalaṃ vāyuṃ pītvā tiṣṭhet, svaṃ pāpa-karma ca lokeṣu prakāśayet ||

ವ್ಯಾಸನು ಹೇಳಿದನು—ಈ ರೀತಿಯಾಗಿ ಇಂತಹ ಪಾಪಗಳ ಗುರುತ್ವ-ಲಘುತ್ವವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಣಯಿಸಬೇಕು. ಮೃಗಪಕ್ಷಿಗಳನ್ನು ಕೊಂದು, ಇನ್ನೂ ಅನೇಕ ಮರಗಳನ್ನು ಕಡಿದು ಪಾಪದಿಂದ ಕಲుషಿತನಾದವನು, ಶುದ್ಧಿಗಾಗಿ ಮೂರು ದಿನ ಮೂರು ರಾತ್ರಿ ಕೇವಲ ವಾಯುವನ್ನೇ ಆಹಾರವಾಗಿ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಂಡು, ತನ್ನ ಪಾಪಕರ್ಮವನ್ನು ಜನರ ಮುಂದೆ ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸುತ್ತಿರಬೇಕು.

विद्यात्should know/should ascertain
विद्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormVidhi-ling (optative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
विधेनby the method/way
विधेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविध
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
एषाम्of these (sins/actions)
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formcommon, genitive, plural
गुरु-लाघव-निश्चयम्the determination of heaviness and lightness (gravity and slightness)
गुरु-लाघव-निश्चयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
Formmasculine, accusative, singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
P
paśu (animals)
P
pakṣi (birds)
V
vṛkṣa (trees)
L
loka (people/public)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches proportional ethical judgment (assessing the gravity of sins) and prescribes atonement that combines austerity (a three-day fast described as ‘drinking only air’) with moral accountability through public disclosure of wrongdoing.

Vyāsa is explaining a rule of expiation: if a person has incurred sin by killing animals/birds and by cutting down many trees, he should undertake a severe three-day-and-night austerity and confess the act openly to others as part of purification.