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Mahabharata — Shanti Parva, Shloka 15

Dharma-Pramāṇa-Vicāra: The Elusiveness of Dharma and the Limits of Rule-Lists

विदित्वा सप्त सूक्ष्माणि षडड़ं च महेश्वरम्‌ । प्रधानविनियोगज्ञ: परं ब्रह्मानुपश्यति

viditvā sapta sūkṣmāṇi ṣaḍ-aṅgaṁ ca maheśvaram | pradhāna-viniyoga-jñaḥ paraṁ brahmānupaśyati ||

ಪಂಚತನ್ಮಾತ್ರೆಗಳು ಹಾಗೂ ಮನಸ್ಸು ಮತ್ತು ಬುದ್ಧಿ—ಈ ಏಳು ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮ ತತ್ತ್ವಗಳನ್ನು ನಿತ್ಯವೆಂದು ತಿಳಿದು, ಷಡೈಶ್ವರ್ಯಸಂಪನ್ನನಾದ ಮಹೇಶ್ವರನನ್ನು ಯಥಾರ್ಥವಾಗಿ ಅರಿತು, ಪ್ರಧಾನ (ಆದಿ ಪ್ರಕೃತಿ) ಹೇಗೆ ವ್ಯಕ್ತರೂಪಕ್ಕೆ ವಿನಿಯೋಗವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ವಿವೇಚಿಸುವಲ್ಲಿ ನಿಪುಣನಾಗಿ ‘ತ್ರಿಗುಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಪ್ರಕೃತಿಯ ಪರিণಾಮವೇ ಈ ಸಮಸ್ತ ಜಗತ್ತು’ ಎಂದು ದೃಢವಾಗಿ ಗ್ರಹಿಸುವವನು—ಪರಬ್ರಹ್ಮ ಪರಮಾತ್ಮನನ್ನು ಸాక్షಾತ್ಕರಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ।

विदित्वाhaving known
विदित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
सप्तseven
सप्त:
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्त
Formtrue
सूक्ष्माणिsubtle (principles)
सूक्ष्माणि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसूक्ष्म
Formneuter, accusative, plural
षट्six
षट्:
TypeAdjective
Rootषट्
Formtrue
अङ्गम्limb; part (here: aṅgas/attributes)
अङ्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्ग
Formneuter, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महेश्वरम्Maheshvara (the Great Lord)
महेश्वरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहेश्वर
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
प्रधानof Pradhāna (primordial nature)
प्रधान:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रधान
Formneuter, genitive, singular
विनियोगof application/assignment (deployment)
विनियोग:
TypeNoun
Rootविनियोग
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
ज्ञःknowing; a knower
ज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञ
Formक्त (in sense of 'knower', adjectival), masculine, nominative, singular
परम्supreme
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
Formneuter, accusative, singular
ब्रह्मBrahman (the Absolute)
ब्रह्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अनुपश्यतिbeholds; realizes
अनुपश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु√पश्
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, third, singular, present

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
M
Maheśvara (Īśvara)
P
Pradhāna
P
Prakṛti
B
Brahman

Educational Q&A

Liberation arises from discriminative knowledge: understanding the subtle constituents of experience (often counted as the five tanmātras along with mind and intellect), recognizing the world as a transformation of three-guṇa Prakṛti, and knowing the Lord (Maheśvara) as the governing principle; such insight culminates in direct realization of the Supreme Brahman.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and liberation, Vyāsa continues a philosophical exposition: he describes the kind of knower—versed in subtle tattvas and in the operation of primordial Nature—who transcends mere theory and attains experiential vision of the highest reality, Brahman.