Shloka 40

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

कृपणानाथवृद्धानां दुर्बलातुरयोषिताम्‌ । दयां च संविभागं च नित्यमेवान्वचमोदताम्‌

Transliteration

kṛpaṇānātha-vṛddhānāṁ durbalātura-yoṣitām | dayāṁ ca saṁvibhāgaṁ ca nityam evānvac modatām ||

Translation

ಅವರು ದೀನರು, ಅನಾಥರು, ವೃದ್ಧರು, ದುರ್ಬಲರು, ರೋಗಿಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ತ್ರೀಯರ ಮೇಲೆ ಸದಾ ಕರುಣೆ ತೋರುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು; ಹಾಗೆಯೇ ಅವರ ನೆರವಿಗಾಗಿ ಅನ್ನ ಮತ್ತು ವಸ್ತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ಹಂಚುವ ಸಂವಿಭಾಗವನ್ನು ನಿತ್ಯವೂ ಅನುಮೋದಿಸಿ ಉತ್ತೇಜಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು.

Word by Word

• कृपण: of the poor/wretched
• कृपण: Sampradana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृपण
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• अनाथ: of the helpless/orphaned
• अनाथ: Sampradana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनाथ
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• वृद्ध: of the aged
• वृद्ध: Sampradana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृद्ध
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• आनाम्: of them
• आनाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• दुर्बल: of the weak
• दुर्बल: Sampradana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्बल
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• आतुर: of the sick/afflicted
• आतुर: Sampradana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आतुर
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• योषिताम्: of women
• योषिताम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: योषित्
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• दयाम्: compassion
• दयाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दया
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• संविभागम्: distribution/sharing (of goods)
• संविभागम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: संविभाग
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• नित्यम्: always
• नित्यम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• अन्वच: they approved/commended
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + अच् (अच् = पूजायाम्/स्तुतौ; here: to approve/praise, in periphrastic usage)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Plural

• मोदताम्: they rejoiced/were pleased
• मोदताम्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुद्
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्) / or injunctive-like poetic form, 3rd, Plural

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• women (yoṣitaḥ)
• the destitute/helpless/aged/weak/sick (as social groups)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma is expressed through active compassion and regular sharing: protecting and supporting vulnerable people—destitute, helpless, aged, weak, sick, and women—by giving necessities like food and clothing, and by approving such conduct as a social norm.

What is happening in the narrative?

Indra (Śakra) describes the exemplary behavior of certain people (implicitly righteous householders/rulers): they habitually practiced mercy and endorsed charitable distribution, emphasizing welfare of those most in need.