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Shloka 8

जनकस्य मोक्षमार्गप्रश्नः तथा पञ्चशिखोपदेश-प्रस्तावः | Janaka’s Path to Liberation: Prelude to Pañcaśikha’s Instruction

अव्यक्तनाभं व्यक्तारं विकारपरिमण्डलम्‌ । क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितं चक्र स्निग्धाक्षं वर्तते ध्रुवम्‌

Bhīṣma uvāca: avyaktanābhaṃ vyaktāraṃ vikāraparimaṇḍalam | kṣetrajñādhiṣṭhitaṃ cakraṃ snigdhākṣaṃ vartate dhruvam ||

ಭೀಷ್ಮನು ಹೇಳಿದರು—ಈ ಸಂಸಾರಚಕ್ರವು ಧ್ರುವವಾಗಿ, ನಿರಂತರವಾಗಿ ತಿರುಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಅವ್ಯಕ್ತವು ಇದರ ನಾಭಿ; ವ್ಯಕ್ತರೂಪಗಳು—ದೇಹ ಮತ್ತು ಇಂದ್ರಿಯಗಳು—ಇದರ ಅರೆಗಳು; ಸುಖದುಃಖ, ಇಚ್ಛೆ ಮೊದಲಾದ ವಿಕಾರಗಳು ಇದರ ನೆಮಿ; ಆಸಕ್ತಿ ಇದರ ಅಕ್ಷ. ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರಜ್ಞನು (ಜೀವಾತ್ಮ) ಇದರ ಮೇಲೆ ಸಾರಥಿಯಂತೆ ಅಧಿಷ್ಠಿತನಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ. ಹೀಗೆ ಜನನಮರಣದ ಪ್ರವಾಹ ತಿರುಗುತ್ತಲೇ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ.

अव्यक्तनाभम्having the unmanifest as its navel
अव्यक्तनाभम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त-नाभि
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्यक्तारम्having the manifest as its spokes
व्यक्तारम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यक्त-अर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विकारपरिमण्डलम्whose rim/circumference is (made of) modifications
विकारपरिमण्डलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविकार-परिमण्डल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितम्presided over/inhabited by the knower of the field
क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षेत्रज्ञ-अधिष्ठित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चक्रम्wheel
चक्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचक्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्निग्धाक्षम्having a smooth/greased axle
स्निग्धाक्षम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्निग्ध-अक्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वर्ततेturns/continues to revolve
वर्तते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
ध्रुवम्certainly/steadily
ध्रुवम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootध्रुव

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
kṣetrajña (the individual self)
S
saṃsāra-cakra (wheel of transmigration)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents saṃsāra as a wheel driven by attachment: the unmanifest ground becomes manifest experience, producing changing states like pleasure, pain, and desire. The kṣetrajña (self) is implicated as the ‘driver’ so long as it identifies with the wheel; freedom lies in discerning this mechanism and loosening attachment.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on liberation-oriented dharma. Here he uses a vivid metaphor—the wheel—to explain how embodied life revolves through birth and death under the forces of manifestation and mental modifications.