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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 180: Jīva, Śarīra, and the Fire Analogy (भृगु–भरद्वाज संवादः)

अरक्रा - एक गृहस्थके घरपर कुछ अतिथि आ गये। घरके सब लोग कहीं बाहर चले गये थे। भीतर केवल एक कुमारी कन्या थी

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: kena vṛttena vṛttajña vītaśokaś care(n) mahīm? kiñ ca kurvann naro loke prāpnoti gatim uttamām?

ಯುಧಿಷ್ಠಿರನು ಹೇಳಿದರು—ಹೇ ವೃತ್ತಜ್ಞನೇ! ಯಾವ ರೀತಿಯ ಜೀವನವೃತ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಅವಲಂಬಿಸಿದರೆ ಮನುಷ್ಯನು ಶೋಕವಿಲ್ಲದೆ ಭೂಮಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಚರಿಸಬಲ್ಲನು? ಮತ್ತು ಈ ಲೋಕದಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವ ಕರ್ಮವನ್ನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾ ಅವನು ಪರಮಗತಿಯನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯುತ್ತಾನೆ?

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
केनby what (means/way)
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृत्तेनby conduct/way of life
वृत्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृत्तज्ञO knower of conduct
वृत्तज्ञ:
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्तज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वीतशोकःfree from sorrow
वीतशोकः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवीतशोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चरेत्may roam/live
चरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormPresent, Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
महीम्the earth
महीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमही
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुर्वन्doing
कुर्वन्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्राप्नोतिattains
प्राप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
गतिम्state/goal
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उत्तमाम्highest
उत्तमाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

युधिष्ठिर (Yudhiṣṭhira)
पितामह/भीष्म (Pitāmaha/Bhīṣma) (implied addressee)
मही (the Earth/world)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames the central ethical inquiry of the chapter: which disciplined way of life (vṛtta) leads to freedom from grief and what kind of action or practice leads to the highest human end (uttamā gati). It sets up a dharma-oriented discussion on inner freedom and ultimate attainment.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, King Yudhiṣṭhira addresses the revered elder (Bhīṣma, ‘Pitāmaha’) and asks for guidance: how one should live in the world without being overcome by sorrow, and what one should do to reach the supreme goal.