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Shloka 50

Dama-pradhāna-dharma (Self-restraint as the Root of Dharma) — Śānti-parva 154

अहो! पुत्रके वियोगसे पीड़ित हो मृतकोंके इस शून्य स्थानमें आकर अत्यन्त दुःखसे रोने-बिलखनेवाले इन भूतलवासी मनुष्योंके हृदयमें बछड़ोंसे रहित हुई गायोंकी भाँति कितना शोक होता है? इसका अनुभव मुझे आज हुआ है; क्योंकि इनके स्नेहको निमित्त बनाकर मेरी आँखोंसे भी आँसू बहने लगे हैं ।।

aho! putrake viyogena pīḍito mṛtakānām asmin śūnye sthāne āgatya atyanta-duḥkhena rorūyamāṇānām imān bhūtalavāsinaḥ manuṣyānāṁ hṛdaye vatsair rahitāḥ gāva iva kīdṛśaḥ śoko bhavati? tad anubhūtaṁ mayā adya; eteṣāṁ snehān nimittaṁ kṛtvā mama api akṣibhyāṁ aśrūṇi pravṛttāni. yatno hi satataṁ kāryaḥ, tato daivena siddhyati; daivaṁ puruṣakāraś ca kṛtāntena upapadyate.

ಜಂಬೂಕನು ಹೇಳಿದನು—ಅಹೋ! ಪುತ್ರವಿಯೋಗದಿಂದ ಪೀಡಿತರಾಗಿ, ಭೂತಲದಲ್ಲಿ ವಾಸಿಸುವ ಈ ಮಾನವರು ಮೃತರಿಂದ ಶೂನ್ಯವಾದ ಈ ಸ್ಥಳಕ್ಕೆ ಬಂದು, ಅತ್ಯಂತ ದುಃಖದಿಂದ ಅಳುತ್ತಾ ವಿಲಪಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ—ಕರುಗಳಿಲ್ಲದ ಹಸುಗಳಂತೆ. ಅವರ ಸ्नेಹವನ್ನೇ ನಿಮಿತ್ತವನ್ನಾಗಿ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡು ನನ್ನ ಕಣ್ಣಿಂದಲೂ ಕಣ್ಣೀರು ಹರಿಯುತ್ತಿದೆ. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇಷ್ಟಸಿದ್ಧಿಗಾಗಿ ಸದಾ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ ಮಾಡಬೇಕು; ನಂತರ ದೈವಯೋಗದಿಂದ ಸಾಧನೆ ಸಂಭವಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ದೈವವೂ ಪುರುಷಕಾರವೂ—ಎರಡೂ ಕಾಲದ (ನಿಯತ ಕ್ರಮದ) ಮೂಲಕವೇ ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗುತ್ತವೆ.

यत्नःeffort
यत्नः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयत्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
सततम्always/constantly
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
कार्यःto be done; should be done
कार्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकार्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthen/thereafter; from that
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
दैवेनby fate; by divine dispensation
दैवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
सिद्ध्यतिis accomplished/succeeds
सिद्ध्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootसिध्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दैवम्fate; divine factor
दैवम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषकारःhuman effort
पुरुषकारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषकार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कृतान्तेनby Time/Death (the ordained end)
कृतान्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकृतान्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उपपद्यतेcomes about; is obtained/realized
उपपद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप√पद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

जम्बुक उवाच

J
Jambuka
S
son (putraka)
T
the dead (mṛtakāḥ)
H
humans (bhūtalavāsinaḥ manuṣyāḥ)
C
cows
C
calves
T
Time/Fate (kṛtānta)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a balanced view: one must continually exert effort (puruṣakāra/yatna), yet success also depends on destiny (daiva). Both are ultimately realized through Time (kṛtānta), the larger ordained order in which outcomes mature.

Jambuka observes people grieving intensely in a desolate place associated with death, especially those suffering separation from a beloved son. Moved by their affection and sorrow, he himself begins to weep, and then reflects on the relation between human effort, destiny, and Time.