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Shloka 1

Bhṛtya-niyoga: Role-appropriate appointment of servants and protection of the royal treasury (भृत्यनियोगः कोशरक्षणं च)

Devanagari script

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके ७ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल ३० श्लोक हैं।) अष्टादशाधिकशततमोब<् ध्याय: राजाके सेवक, सचिव तथा सेनापति आदि और राजाके उत्तम गुणोंका वर्णन एवं उनसे लाभ भीष्म उवाच स श्वा प्रकृतिमापन्न: परं दैन्यमुपागत: । ऋषिणा हुड्कृत: पापस्तपोवनबहिष्कृत:

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca | sa śvā prakṛtim āpannaḥ paraṃ dainyam upāgataḥ | ṛṣiṇā huṅkṛtaḥ pāpas tapovanabahiṣkṛtaḥ ||

Translation

ಭೀಷ್ಮನು ಹೇಳಿದನು—ಆ ಪಾಪಿ ನಾಯಿಯ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಗೆ ಬಿದ್ದು ಪರಮ ದೈನ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಒಳಗಾದನು. ಋಷಿಯು ಕಠೋರ ಹೂಂಕಾರದಿಂದ ಅವನನ್ನು ತಪೋವನದಿಂದ ಹೊರಹಾಕಿದನು.

Word by Word

सःhe

श्वाdog

प्रकृतिम्nature, condition

आपन्नःhaving fallen into, having reached

परम्extreme, great

दैन्यम्wretchedness, misery

उपागतःhaving come to, having reached

ऋषिणाby a sage

हुङ्कृतःrebuked (with ‘hum’), scolded

पापःsinful, wicked

तपोवनfrom the forest of asceticism (hermitage-grove)

बहिष्कृतःexpelled, driven out

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

Bhishma

a sinner (unnamed)

a sage (rishi)

tapo-vana (hermitage/forest of austerities)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Moral failure leads to degradation and social-spiritual exclusion: a wrongdoer, reduced to a low state and misery, is rejected by the community of ascetics. The verse underscores karmic consequence and the ethical demand for purity of conduct, especially in the context of rājadharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma begins (or continues) a cautionary account: an unnamed sinful person has come to an abject condition likened to a dog. A sage rebukes him and expels him from the tapovana (hermitage), marking his unfitness to remain among those devoted to austerity.