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Shloka 23

गदायुद्धप्रतिज्ञा — The Vow and Terms of the Mace Duel

स कथं कौरवे वंशे प्रशंसन्‌ जन्म चात्मन: । युद्धाद्‌ भीतस्ततस्तोयं प्रविश्य प्रतितिष्ठसि,“तुम तो कौरववंशमें उत्पन्न होनेके कारण अपने जन्मकी प्रशंसा करते थे। फिर आज युद्धसे डरकर पानीके भीतर कैसे घुसे बैठे हो?

sa kathaṃ kaurave vaṃśe praśaṃsan janma cātmanaḥ | yuddhād bhītastatastoyaṃ praviśya pratitiṣṭhasi ||

ನೀನು ಕೌರವ ವಂಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದುದನ್ನು ಹೊಗಳಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದೆ; ಹಾಗಿದ್ದರೆ ಇಂದು ಯುದ್ಧಕ್ಕೆ ಭಯಪಟ್ಟು ನೀರೊಳಗೆ ಹೇಗೆ ನುಗ್ಗಿ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಅಡಗಿ ನಿಂತಿರುವೆ?

सःhe/you (that person)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
कौरवेin the Kaurava (lineage)
कौरवे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootकौरव
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
वंशेin the lineage
वंशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवंश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्रशंसन्praising
प्रशंसन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
जन्मbirth
जन्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आत्मनःof yourself
आत्मनः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
युद्धात्from battle
युद्धात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
भीतःafraid
भीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभी
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तोयम्water
तोयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतोय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रविश्यhaving entered
प्रविश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-विश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
प्रतितिष्ठसिyou stand/remain (settle yourself)
प्रतितिष्ठसि:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-स्था
FormLat (Present), Parasmaipada, Second, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
K
Kaurava lineage (Kuru dynasty)
W
water (toya)
B
battle/war (yuddha)

Educational Q&A

The verse critiques empty pride in noble birth when it is not matched by courage and duty in crisis; lineage is shown as ethically meaningful only when upheld through conduct, especially in the face of fear.

Sanjaya reports a taunting rebuke directed at a Kaurava who had earlier gloried in his Kuru birth but, terrified by the fighting, has entered the water to hide and is staying there instead of facing battle.