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Shloka 55

कर्णार्जुनसमागमः — The Karṇa–Arjuna Confrontation

Cosmic Spectatorship and Vows

चुक्ुशुश्व नरव्याप्र यथा व्याप्रा नरोत्तमा: । तेषां तु क्रोशतामासीद्‌ भीतानां रणमूर्थनि

cukruśuśrava naravyāghra yathā vyāghrā narottamāḥ | teṣāṃ tu krośatām āsīd bhītānāṃ raṇamūrdhani puruṣasiṃha |

ನರવ્યಾಘ್ರನೇ! ಆ ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠ ಯೋಧರು ಹುಲಿಗಳಂತೆ ಗರ್ಜಿಸಿ ಕೂಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು; ಆದರೆ ಯುದ್ಧದ ಮುಂಭಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಭೀತಿಯಿಂದ ಅಳಲು-ಕಿರುಚುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ಸೈನಿಕರ ಮಹಾ ಕೋಲಾಹಲವು ಪ್ರಳಯಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮಸ್ತ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳ ಒಟ್ಟಾರೆ ಆಕ್ರಂದನದಂತೆ ತೋರುತ್ತಿತ್ತು.

चुक्रुशुःthey cried out
चुक्रुशुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootक्रुश्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
नरव्याघ्रO tiger among men
नरव्याघ्र:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनरव्याघ्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यथाas, just as
यथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
व्याघ्राःtigers
व्याघ्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्याघ्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नरोत्तमाःbest of men (heroes)
नरोत्तमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनरोत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
तुbut, indeed
तु:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
क्रोशताम्of (those) crying out
क्रोशताम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootक्रुश्
FormPresent active participle (Śatṛ), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
आसीत्there was
आसीत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भीतानाम्of the frightened
भीतानाम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत
FormPast passive participle, Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
रणमूर्धनिat the forefront/head of battle
रणमूर्धनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरणमूर्धन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पुरुषसिंहO lion among men
पुरुषसिंह:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषसिंह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied addressee by epithets naravyāghra/puruṣasiṃha)
W
warriors (narottamāḥ)
T
terrified soldiers (bhītāḥ)
B
battlefront (raṇamūrdhan)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts disciplined martial ferocity (the elite warriors’ tiger-like cries) with panic and collapse of morale (the frightened troops’ wailing), highlighting how fear can dissolve order in war and how battle exposes impermanence through pralaya-like imagery.

Sañjaya describes the soundscape at the battlefront: leading fighters shout like tigers, while many soldiers, seized by terror, cry out loudly and scatter; their collective lament is compared to the catastrophic cries heard at the end of the world.