Shloka 36

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Discourse and the Elephant-Corps Engagement (भीमगजानीक-सम्भ्रान्ति)

Devanagari script

तत: शब्देन महता विननाद महास्वन: । तेन नादेन वित्रस्ता कलिड्रानां वरूथिनी

Transliteration

tataḥ śabdena mahatā vinanāda mahāsvanaḥ | tena nādena vitrastā kaliṅgānāṃ varūthinī ||

Translation

ಸಂಜಯನು ಹೇಳಿದನು—ಆಮೇಲೆ ಮಹಾಶಬ್ದದೊಂದಿಗೆ ಮಹಾಸ್ವನನಾದ ವೀರನು ಗರ್ಜಿಸಿದನು. ಆ ನಾದದಿಂದ ಕಲಿಂಗರ ಯುದ್ಧವ್ಯೂಹ ಭಯದಿಂದ ಕಲುಷಿತವಾಯಿತು.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: avyaya

• शब्देन: with/by a sound
• शब्देन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शब्द
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular

• महता: great, loud
• महता: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular

• विननाद: roared/resounded
• Type: Verb
• Root: नद् (वि + नद्)
• Form: aorist (luṅ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada

• महास्वनः: the great-sounding one (loud-roarer)
• महास्वनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महास्वन
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• तेन: by that
• तेन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine/neuter, instrumental, singular

• नादेन: by the roar/sound
• नादेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाद
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular

• वित्रस्ताः: terrified, shaken
• वित्रस्ताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वित्रस्त (वि + त्रस् + क्त)
• Form: feminine, nominative, plural

• कलिङ्गानाम्: of the Kalingas
• कलिङ्गानाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलिङ्ग
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• वरूथिनी: army, host
• वरूथिनी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरूथिनी
• Form: feminine, nominative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kaliṅgas
• varūthinī (Kalinga host/army formation)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even amid adharma-laden conflict, inner fearlessness and steadfast resolve have tangible power: they can break the enemy’s morale and protect one’s own side by inspiring confidence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that a mighty warrior lets out an immense roar; the sound spreads across the field and the Kalinga forces, hearing it, become alarmed and shaken in their formation.