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Shloka 45

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

प्रसिद्ध भाषितं दाने नैषां प्रत्यायकं पुन: । ये मन्यन्ते क्रयं शुल्क न ते धर्मविदो नरा:

bhīṣma uvāca | prasiddhaṃ bhāṣitaṃ dāne naiṣāṃ pratyāyakaṃ punaḥ | ye manyante krayaṃ śulkaṃ na te dharmavido narāḥ |

ಭೀಷ್ಮನು ಹೇಳಿದರು—ದಾನದ ವಿಷಯದಲ್ಲಿ (ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಕನ್ಯಾದಾನದಲ್ಲಿ) ಲೋಕದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧವಾದ ಮಾತು ಇದೇ: ‘ಕನ್ಯಾದಾನವಾಗಿದೆ’. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಶುಲ್ಕ ಅಥವಾ ಕ್ರಯವನ್ನೇ ವಿವಾಹದ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಎಂದು ಭಾವಿಸುವವರ ಮಾತಿಗೆ ನಂಬಬಹುದಾದ ಪ್ರಮಾಣವೇ ಇಲ್ಲ. ಕ್ರಯ ಮತ್ತು ಶುಲ್ಕವನ್ನು ಮಾನ್ಯ ಮಾಡುವವರು ಧರ್ಮಜ್ಞರು ಅಲ್ಲ।

प्रसिद्धम्well-known, famous
प्रसिद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रसिद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भाषितम्saying, statement (spoken thing)
भाषितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभाषित (भाष् धातु)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दानेin/with regard to giving (gift)
दाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एषाम्of these (people)
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
प्रत्यायकम्convincing, establishing (as proof)
प्रत्यायकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यायक
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain; moreover
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
येthose who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मन्यन्तेthink, consider
मन्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
क्रयम्purchase, buying
क्रयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्रय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शुल्कम्fee, bride-price, payment
शुल्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्क
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मविदःknowers of dharma
धर्मविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नराःmen, people
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Marriage involving a daughter should be understood in the ethical frame of dāna (gift), not as a commercial transaction; treating it as purchase or fee-based undermines dharma and lacks true moral authority.

Bhishma is instructing on dharma and social conduct, rejecting the idea that a marriage is validated by payment (śulka/kraya) and affirming the culturally and morally recognized notion of kanyādāna (giving the maiden) as the proper understanding.