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Shloka 19

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

युधिछिर उवाच शुल्कमन्येन दत्तं स्याद्‌ ददानीत्याह चापर: । बलादन्य: प्रभाषेत धनमन्य: प्रदर्शयेत्‌

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca— śulkam anyena dattaṃ syād dadānīty āha cāparaḥ | balād anyaḥ prabhāṣeta dhanam anyaḥ pradarśayet |

ಯುಧಿಷ್ಠಿರನು ಹೇಳಿದರು—ಪಿತಾಮಹನೇ! ಒಬ್ಬನು ಕನ್ಯಾಶುಲ್ಕವನ್ನು ನೀಡಿ ವಿವಾಹವನ್ನು ನಿಶ್ಚಯಿಸಿದ್ದರೆ, ಮತ್ತೊಬ್ಬನು ‘ನಾನು ಕೊಡುತ್ತೇನೆ’ ಎಂದು ವಾಗ್ದಾನ ಮಾಡಿ ನಿಶ್ಚಯಿಸಿದ್ದರೆ, ಮೂರನೆಯವನು ಬಲಾತ್ಕಾರವಾಗಿ ಕರೆದೊಯ್ಯುವುದಾಗಿ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದರೆ, ನಾಲ್ಕನೆಯವನು ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಧನವನ್ನು ತೋರಿಸಿ ಅವಳ ಬಂಧುಗಳನ್ನು ಲೋಭಗೊಳಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರೆ, ಐದನೆಯವನು ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಪಾಣಿಗ್ರಹಣವನ್ನು ನೆರವೇರಿಸಿದ್ದರೆ—ಧರ್ಮಪ್ರಕಾರ ಆ ಕನ್ಯೆ ಯಾರ ಪತ್ನಿಯಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಬೇಕು? ಈ ವಿಷಯದ ನಿಜ ತತ್ತ್ವವನ್ನು ತಿಳಿಯಲು ನಾವು ಬಯಸುತ್ತೇವೆ; ನೀವು ನಮ್ಮ ಕಣ್ಣುಗಳಾಗಿ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶಿಯಾಗಿರಿ.

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शुल्कम्bride-price; fee
शुल्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्क
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अन्येनby another (man)
अन्येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दत्तम्given
दत्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्might be / would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ददानीति"I give" (saying so)
ददानीति:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada, इति
आहsaid
आह:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपरःanother (man)
अपरः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बलात्by force
बलात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अन्यःanother (man)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभाषेतmight speak / might declare
प्रभाषेत:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-भाष्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धनम्wealth; money
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अन्यःanother (man)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रदर्शयेत्might show / might display
प्रदर्शयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दृश्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma, implied addressee)
Ś
śulka (bride-price)
D
dhanam (wealth)
P
pāṇigrahaṇa (hand-taking marriage rite, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-legal problem: when multiple men assert competing claims over a maiden through payment, promise, wealth inducement, coercion, or completed ritual, which claim is valid. It invites a principled hierarchy of legitimacy—privileging lawful procedure and completed sacramental acts over mere promises, bribery, or force.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira consults Bhīṣma on subtle points of conduct. Here he presents a complex marriage dispute with several claimants and asks Bhīṣma to determine, according to dharma, who should be regarded as the rightful husband.