Shloka 118

Dharma–Adharma Marks; Daśāha, Piṇḍa Formation, Śrāddha Calendar, Śayyā-dāna, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa Rules

विप्रेणैव यदा शूद्रा परिणीता प्रमादतः / एकोद्दिष्टन्तु तच्छ्राद्ध सा तु तेनैव युज्यते

vipreṇaiva yadā śūdrā pariṇītā pramādataḥ / ekoddiṣṭantu tacchrāddha sā tu tenaiva yujyate

ಪ್ರಮಾದದಿಂದ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣನು ಶೂದ್ರಾ ಸ್ತ್ರೀಯನ್ನು ವಿವಾಹ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದರೆ, ಅವಳಿಗಾಗಿ ಏಕೋದ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಶ್ರಾದ್ಧವನ್ನು ಮಾಡಬೇಕು; ಆ ವಿಧಿಯನ್ನು ಆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣನೇ ವಿಧಿಪೂರ್ವಕವಾಗಿ ನೆರವೇರಿಸಬೇಕು।

विप्रेणby a brahmin
विप्रेण:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/Instrumental), एकवचन
एवindeed/only
एव:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अव्यय
यदाwhen
यदा:
कालाधिकरण (Time/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)
शूद्राa śūdra woman
शूद्रा:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन
परिणीताmarried (taken in marriage)
परिणीता:
कर्तृसम्बन्ध (Predicate/विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-नी (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थः ‘विवाहिता/परिणीता’
प्रमादतःthrough negligence
प्रमादतः:
हेतु (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Ablative), एकवचन; हेतौ (cause)
एकोद्दिष्टम्the ekoddiṣṭa (single-offering)
एकोद्दिष्टम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootएक-उद्दिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (एकं उद्दिष्टं यस्मिन्/एकस्य उद्देशः)
तुbut
तु:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Contrast)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (adversative/contrast), अव्यय
तत्that
तत्:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (demonstrative)
श्राद्धम्śrāddha rite
श्राद्धम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
साshe
सा:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
तुindeed/but
तु:
सम्बन्ध/निपात
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात, अव्यय
तेनby him/with him
तेन:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
एवonly
एव:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिपात, अव्यय
युज्यतेis joined/assigned
युज्यते:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootयुज् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Ritual Type: Ekoddishta

Beneficiary: Patni (wife) as preta/pitṛ-to-be

Timing: After death during preta-śrāddha sequence (implied)

Concept: Ritual responsibility follows the agent who created the marital/ritual linkage; ekoddiṣṭa is prescribed to regularize the deceased’s status.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-niyati and dharma as order (ṛta) expressed through prescribed rites; social acts entail continuing ritual obligations.

Application: When an irregular marriage occurs, the responsible husband alone performs the woman’s ekoddiṣṭa-śrāddha to ensure proper preta-to-pitṛ transition and avoid ritual confusion.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Type: gṛha/śrāddha-sthāna (implied)

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa/Śrāddha-khaṇḍa: ekoddiṣṭa-vidhi and sapiṇḍīkaraṇa-vidhi (adjacent verses 2.34.119-122)

B
Brahmana
S
Shudra
E
Eka-uddista Shraddha

FAQs

This verse treats ekoddiṣṭa śrāddha as a specific, single-intent rite offered for an individual departed person, with clear instruction about who must undertake it in a given circumstance.

It assigns ritual responsibility to the same person who established the marital bond—here, stating that the brāhmaṇa who married her should perform (or ensure) her ekoddiṣṭa śrāddha, emphasizing continuity of ritual obligation.

It underscores carefulness in dharmic duties and clarity of responsibility in family death rites—ensuring that prescribed śrāddha is not neglected and is carried out by the appropriate responsible party.