Shloka 19

Jñāna-hetu-nirūpaṇa

On the Causes/Means of Knowledge

विशेषतो ह्युक्तगुणा नृगादिषु स्वयोग्यभूतान्संविजानाति देवी / सामान्यतः प्रविजानाति देवी हरेर्गुणान्न विशेषाच्च नित्यम्

viśeṣato hyuktaguṇā nṛgādiṣu svayogyabhūtānsaṃvijānāti devī / sāmānyataḥ pravijānāti devī harerguṇānna viśeṣācca nityam

ಹೇಳಿದ ಗುಣಗಳಿಂದ ಯುಕ್ತಳಾದ ದೇವಿ, ಮಾನವರಾದಿ ಜೀವಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ತಮ್ಮ ತಮ್ಮ ಯೋಗ್ಯತೆಯವರನ್ನು ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಗುರುತಿಸುತ್ತಾಳೆ. ಆದರೆ ಹರಿಯ (ವಿಷ್ಣು) ಗುಣಗಳನ್ನು ಅವಳು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಮಾತ್ರ ತಿಳಿಯುತ್ತಾಳೆ; ಸದಾ ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಅಲ್ಲ.

viśeṣataḥparticularly, in detail
viśeṣataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootviśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative adverb (तसिल्/पञ्चमी-अर्थे अव्यय)
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात)
ukta-guṇā(the goddess) whose qualities are spoken of
ukta-guṇā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) (of devī)
TypeAdjective
Rootukta (कृदन्त; √vac/√uk क्त) + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative Singular; karmadhāraya: ‘uktāḥ guṇāḥ yasyāḥ’ (as descriptive: ‘having stated qualities’)
nṛga-ādiṣuamong Nṛga and others
nṛga-ādiṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootnṛga (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative Plural; tatpuruṣa: ‘nṛga-ādi’ = Nṛga and others
sva-yogya-bhūtānthose that have become suitable to her (capacity)
sva-yogya-bhūtān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक) + yogya (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūta (कृदन्त; √bhū क्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative Plural; agrees with (implied) guṇān; tatpuruṣa: ‘svasyāḥ yogyāḥ bhūtāḥ’
saṃvijānātiknows fully
saṃvijānāti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√jñā (ज्ञा धातु) + saṃ- + vi-
FormPresent (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person Singular
devīthe goddess
devī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdevī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative Singular
sāmānyataḥgenerally
sāmānyataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsāmānya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative adverb (तसिल्/पञ्चमी-अर्थे अव्यय)
pravijānātiknows well
pravijānāti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√jñā (ज्ञा धातु) + pra- + vi-
FormPresent (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person Singular
devīthe goddess
devī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdevī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative Singular
hareḥof Hari
hareḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Roothari (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (षष्ठी) Singular
guṇānqualities
guṇān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootguṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative Plural
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle
viśeṣātin particular, specifically
viśeṣāt:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootviśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative used adverbially (पञ्चमी-एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
nityamalways
nityam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषण)

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda)

Concept: Even exalted divinity discerns jīvas by svabhāva/adhikāra distinctly, yet Hari’s guṇas remain known only generally—indicating their infinitude and the limits of particularized comprehension.

Vedantic Theme: Ananta (infinite) auspicious attributes of Bhagavān; epistemic limitation even for high beings; graded revelation and general/particular knowledge (sāmānya-viśeṣa).

Application: Avoid absolutist claims about fully ‘knowing God’; cultivate discernment in teaching—offer instruction suited to the learner’s capacity while keeping humility about ultimate particulars.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (general): graded results by karma and fitness; bhakti as accessible across capacities

D
Devi
H
Hari (Vishnu)
H
Humans (nara)

FAQs

This verse highlights that even divine beings may grasp Hari’s qualities only generally; it underscores the transcendence of Viṣṇu and encourages humility and devotion in theological understanding.

It says the Goddess distinctly recognizes beings according to their fitness (svayogya), implying that spiritual progress depends on one’s inherent disposition and cultivated capacity, not merely general knowledge.

Cultivate humility in spiritual claims, focus on becoming “fit” through ethical living and devotion, and approach scriptural study as deepening from general understanding toward clearer discernment.