Shloka 26

Yuga-Dharma, Kalpa Measure, Purāṇa Definitions, and the Kali-Yuga Power of Nāma-Kīrtana

Devanagari script

यदा लोभस्त्वसन्तोषो मानो दम्भश्च मत्सरः / कर्मणाञ्चापि काम्यानां द्वापरं तद्रजस्तमः

Transliteration

yadā lobhastvasantoṣo māno dambhaśca matsaraḥ / karmaṇāñcāpi kāmyānāṃ dvāparaṃ tadrajastamaḥ

Translation

ಲೋಭ, ಅಸಂತೋಷ, ಮಾನ, ದಂಭ ಮತ್ತು ಮತ್ಸರ ಉಂಟಾಗಿ, ಜನರು ಕಾಮ್ಯಕರ್ಮಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ತೊಡಗಿದಾಗ ಅದನ್ನು ದ್ವಾಪರಯುಗವೆಂದು ತಿಳಿ—ರಜಸ್-ತಮಸ್ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಯುಗ।

Word by Word

• यदा: when
• यदा: Kala (Time/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (when)

• लोभः: greed
• लोभः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषण-अव्यय (but/indeed)

• असन्तोषः: discontent
• असन्तोषः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असन्तोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मानः: pride
• मानः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• दम्भः: hypocrisy/ostentation
• दम्भः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• मत्सरः: envy
• मत्सरः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• कर्मणाम्: of actions
• कर्मणाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धे

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-कारक-अव्यय (also)

• काम्यानाम्: of desire-motivated (actions)
• काम्यानाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; विशेषण (कर्मणाम्)

• द्वापरम्: Dvāpara (age)
• द्वापरम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वापर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; युग-नाम; विधेय (predicate)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; संकेतक (that)

• रजस्तमः: rajas-and-tamas (mixture/predominance)
• रजस्तमः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस्-तमस् (प्रातिपदिक; समाहार-द्वन्द्व)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्वः (rajas and tamas as a combined predominance)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Rajas-tamas dominance manifests as lobha, asantoṣa, māna, dambha, matsara and attachment to kāmya actions.

Vedantic Theme: Guṇic bondage: tamas clouds discernment, rajas agitates desire; liberation requires sattva cultivation and transcendence of guṇas.

Application: Identify these vices as tamasic/rājasic symptoms; apply counter-practices—contentment, humility, honesty, generosity, and devotional remembrance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana ethical catalogues of vices and their consequences

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda
• Dvapara Yuga
• Rajas
• Tamas

FAQs

What is the importance of identifying Dvāpara-yuga traits in the Garuda Purana?

This verse gives a diagnostic list—greed, discontent, pride, hypocrisy, and envy—showing how the yuga is recognized by the dominance of rajas and tamas and by a turn toward reward-seeking actions.

How does this verse explain the moral decline connected with karma?

It links inner vices (lobha, dambha, matsara) with kāmya-karma—actions and rites performed primarily for personal gain—indicating a shift from duty-based dharma to desire-driven conduct.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate contentment and humility, reduce envy and perform duties with less attachment to results—transforming kāmya motivation into more sattvic, ethical action.