Shloka 43

Jvara-Nidāna-Lakṣaṇa: Causes, Doṣic Types, Āma/Nirāma Stages, and Prognosis of Fever

Devanagari script

ज्वरः पञ्चविधः प्रोक्तो मलकालबलाबलात् / प्रायशः सन्निपातेन भूयसामुपदिश्यते

Transliteration

jvaraḥ pañcavidhaḥ prokto malakālabalābalāt / prāyaśaḥ sannipātena bhūyasāmupadiśyate

Translation

ಜ್ವರವನ್ನು ಐದು ವಿಧವೆಂದು ಹೇಳಲಾಗಿದೆ—ಮಲ (ದೋಷಜನ್ಯ ಅಪಶಿಷ್ಟ), ಕಾಲ/ಋತು, ಮತ್ತು ದೇಹದ ಬಲ-ಅಬಲದಿಂದ ಉಂಟಾಗುವುದು. ಆದರೆ ಬಹುಪಾಲು ಜ್ವರವು ಸನ್ನಿಪಾತ (ತ್ರಿದೋಷಪ್ರಕೋಪ)ದಿಂದಲೇ ಎಂದು ಉಪದೇಶಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.

Word by Word

• ज्वरः: fever
• ज्वरः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• पञ्चविधः: fivefold
• पञ्चविधः: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पञ्च (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः ‘fivefold’

• प्रोक्तः: is declared/said
• प्रोक्तः: Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + वच् (धातु) → उक्त (कृदन्त, भूतकर्मणि)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मणि-भावे ‘has been said/declared’

• मलकालबलाबलात्: based on excreta, time, strength and weakness
• मलकालबलाबलात्: Hetu/Apadāna (Cause/Ablative/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मल (प्रातिपदिक) + काल (प्रातिपदिक) + बल (प्रातिपदिक) + अबल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग-समाहार-द्वन्द्वः, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘from (consideration of) excreta, time, strength and weakness’

• प्रायशः: generally/mostly
• प्रायशः: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रायशस् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• सन्निपातेन: by (the) concurrence/combination (of doṣas)
• सन्निपातेन: Karaṇa (Instrument/means/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्निपात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• भूयसाम्: of the majority (of cases)
• भूयसाम्: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भूयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘of the greater/more (cases)’

• उपदिश्यते: is taught/prescribed
• उपदिश्यते: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + दिश् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata/Pitta/Kapha

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Fever classification and causation: mala, season/time, and bodily strength; most fevers arise from tridoṣa aggravation (sannipāta).

Vedantic Theme: Right knowledge (yathārtha-jñāna) reduces fear and guides action; discernment applied to embodied life.

Application: Treat fever with attention to seasonality, patient strength, and likely tridoṣic involvement; avoid one-doṣa assumptions and use balanced management.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.147 (jvara and doṣa discussion continues)

FAQs

What is the importance of jvara (fever) classification in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames fever as a multi-causal condition and highlights that most fevers are sannipāta—arising from combined doṣic disturbance—guiding diagnosis beyond a single-cause view.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not directly discuss the soul’s journey; instead, it presents a dharmic-Āyurvedic teaching on bodily disorder, emphasizing balanced living and timely care as part of righteous conduct.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat fever as potentially multi-factorial—seasonal factors, internal imbalance, and individual strength matter—so prioritize early care, appropriate regimen, and restoring balance rather than assuming a single trigger.