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Shloka 56

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय 33: धृतराष्ट्र-विदुर संवादः (विदुरनीतिः)

अविजित्य य आत्मानममात्यान्‌ विजिगीषते । अमित्रान्‌ वाजितामात्य: सोडवश: परिहीयते

avijitya ya ātmānam amātyān vijigīṣate | amitrān vā ajitāmātyaḥ so 'vaśaḥ parihīyate ||

វិទុរៈបាននិយាយថា៖ អ្នកណាមិនទាន់ឈ្នះលើខ្លួនឯងទេ តែចង់បង្ក្រាបមន្ត្រីរបស់ខ្លួន—ឬមិនទាន់គ្រប់គ្រងមន្ត្រីបាន តែចង់ឈ្នះសត្រូវ—មនុស្សនោះដែលមិនអាចគ្រប់គ្រងឥន្ទ្រិយ និងវិន័យខាងក្នុង ត្រូវគេបោះបង់ ហើយធ្លាក់ទៅក្នុងវិនាស ដោយអស់អំណាច។

अविजित्यwithout conquering
अविजित्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि√जि (जि) + अवि- (निषेध) (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), कर्तरि, non-finite
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मानम्oneself
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अमात्यान्ministers/counsellors
अमात्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विजिगीषतेwishes to conquer
विजिगीषते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि√जि (जि) (Desiderative: जिगीष) + आ. (आत्मनेपद)
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, Third, Singular
अमित्रान्enemies
अमित्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अजितामात्यःone whose ministers are unconquered (i.e., not brought under control)
अजितामात्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअजित + अमात्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अवशःhelpless/without control
अवशः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअवश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिहीयतेis abandoned/left behind
परिहीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि√हा (हा) (passive)
Formलट्, कर्मणि (passive), Third, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
Ā
ātmā (self)
A
amātya (ministers/counsellors)
A
amitra (enemies)

Educational Q&A

Effective rule and victory begin with self-mastery. Without conquering one’s own impulses and disciplining one’s inner life, attempts to control ministers or defeat enemies collapse; such a leader loses support and falls into helpless decline.

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva, he lays down a principle of political and ethical governance: a king must first govern himself, then his administration (ministers), and only then can he hope to prevail over external foes.