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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 108: Paścima-dik—Varuṇa’s Realm, Sunset Cosmology, and Sacred-Geographic Markers

Suparṇa–Gālava संवाद

ऑपनआ कराता बछ। अर: 2 नवाधिकशततमो<्ध्याय: दक्षिणदिशाका वर्णन युपर्ण उवाच इयं विवस्वता पूर्व श्रेतेन विधिना किल । गुरवे दक्षिणा दत्ता दक्षिणेत्युच्यते च दिक्‌

Yuparṇa uvāca: iyaṁ Vivasvatā pūrvaṁ śreteṇa vidhinā kila | gurave dakṣiṇā dattā dakṣiṇety ucyate ca dik ||

យុបර්ណា បាននិយាយថា៖ «នៅសម័យបុរាណ គេនិយាយថា ទិសនេះត្រូវបាន វិវស្វត (ព្រះអាទិត្យ) ប្រគល់ជាទក្ខិណា (ថ្លៃគ្រូ/អំណោយបូជា) ដល់គ្រូរបស់ទ្រង់ តាមពិធីបែបបទដែលបានកំណត់។ ហេតុនេះហើយ ទិសនេះត្រូវបានហៅថា “ទិសខាងត្បូង” (dakṣiṇā) ព្រោះវាជា “ទក្ខិណា” ដែរ។»

युपर्णःYuparṇa (proper name)
युपर्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुपर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
इयम्this
इयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विवस्वताby Vivasvat (the Sun)
विवस्वता:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविवस्वत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
श्रुतेनby what was heard / by tradition
श्रुतेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
विधिनाby the prescribed rule/rite
विधिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
किलindeed, it is said
किल:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिल
गुरवेto the teacher
गुरवे:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
दक्षिणाa sacrificial fee/gift (dakṣiṇā)
दक्षिणा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदक्षिणा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दत्ताgiven
दत्ता:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formkta (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
दक्षिणाDakṣiṇā / the right (southern) side (as a name)
दक्षिणा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदक्षिणा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उच्यतेis called / is said
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, 3rd, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दिक्direction (quarter)
दिक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

युपर्ण उवाच

युपर्ण (Yuparṇa)
विवस्वत् (Vivasvat / Sūrya)
गुरु (teacher)

Educational Q&A

The verse links sacred geography with dharma: honoring one’s teacher through a proper dakṣiṇā (ritually sanctioned gift) is upheld as an exemplary act, and even the naming of a direction is explained through that ethical-ritual ideal.

Yuparṇa begins a description of the southern quarter (dakṣiṇa-diś) and offers an etymological tradition: it is called ‘dakṣiṇā’ because Vivasvat once gave it as a dakṣiṇā to his guru according to prescribed rites.