Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 47

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

तस्माद्‌ वर्णा ऋजवो ज्ञातिवर्णा: संसृज्यन्ते तस्य विकार एव । एकं साम यजुरेकमृगेका विप्रश्नैको निश्चये तेषु सृष्ट:

tasmād varṇā ṛjavō jñātivarṇāḥ saṃsṛjyante tasya vikāra eva | ekaṃ sāma yajur ekam ṛg ekā vipraśnaiko niścaye teṣu sṛṣṭaḥ ||

ភីស្មៈបានមានព្រះវាចាថា៖ ដូច្នេះ វណ្ណៈទាំងឡាយមានភាពត្រង់ត្រូវ ហើយតាមពិតជាសាច់ញាតិគ្នា; ពួកវាត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងជាការប្រែប្រួលពីប្រភពតែមួយនោះ។ ដូចដែលសាម យជុរ និងរីគ ត្រូវបានយល់ថាមានគោលការណ៍មូលដ្ឋានតែមួយ ហើយមិនខុសគ្នាដោយសារសារសំខាន់ទេ ដូច្នេះដែរ—បើស៊ើបអង្កេតទៅលើសភាពពិត និងកំណត់តម្លៃសារសំខាន់របស់វណ្ណៈទាំងឡាយ—គេនឹងឃើញសារសំខាន់មូលដ្ឋានតែមួយ បង្ហាញខ្លួនជាវណ្ណៈទាំងអស់។ ហេតុនេះ អត្តសញ្ញាណជ្រាលជ្រៅរបស់ពួកវាគឺមួយ ហើយការបែងចែកគ្រាន់តែជារឿងរង។

तस्मात्from that (therefore)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, ablative, singular
वर्णाःclasses/varṇas
वर्णाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
ऋजवःstraight/simple/upright
ऋजवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootऋजु
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
ज्ञाति-वर्णाःof the same kin/lineage as the varṇa (kin-varṇas)
ज्ञाति-वर्णाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञाति + वर्ण
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
संसृज्यन्तेare produced/come into being
संसृज्यन्ते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + सृज्
Formpresent, 3rd, plural, ātmanepada (passive-like sense)
तस्यof that (of him/it)
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
विकारःmodification/derivative
विकारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविकार
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
एकम्one/single
एकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
सामSāma(-veda)
साम:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसामन्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
यजुःYajus(-veda)
यजुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयजुस्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
एकम्one/single
एकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
ऋक्Ṛk(-veda)/a ṛc-verse
ऋक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋच्
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
एकाone/single
एका:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
विप्रःbrāhmaṇa/sage
विप्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एकःone/single
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
निश्चयेin (true) determination/analysis
निश्चये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
Formmasculine, locative, singular
तेषुamong them/in them
तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, locative, plural
सृष्टःcreated/manifested
सृष्टः:
Karta
TypeParticiple
Rootसृज्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular, past passive participle

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
varṇa (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra) (implied)
Ṛg (Ṛgveda)
Y
Yajus (Yajurveda)
S
Sāma (Sāmaveda)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma emphasizes that the varṇas are not ultimately separate in essence: they arise as transformations from a single foundational principle. The ethical implication is to reduce pride and hostility based on birth or social division, recognizing a shared origin and deeper unity.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and social order, Bhīṣma explains to the listener that distinctions among varṇas are secondary. He supports this with a Vedic analogy: just as the three Vedas are expressions grounded in one underlying basis, so the varṇas too can be understood as manifestations of one source when their reality is carefully examined.