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Shloka 21

Vasiṣṭha–Karāla-Janaka Saṃvāda: Aśuddha-Sevana, Guṇa-Dr̥ṣṭi, and Sāṃkhya–Yoga Ekārthatā

Mahābhārata 12.293

दमेन शोभते वित्र: क्षत्रियो विजयेन तु । धनेन वैश्य: शूद्रस्तु नित्यं दाक्ष्येण शोभते

damena śobhate vipraḥ kṣatriyo vijayena tu | dhanena vaiśyaḥ śūdras tu nityaṃ dākṣyeṇa śobhate ||

បារាសរៈបានមានព្រះវាចា៖ «ព្រះព្រាហ្មណ៍រុងរឿងដោយការទប់ស្កាត់ខ្លួន; ក្សត្រីយៈរុងរឿងដោយជ័យជម្នះ; វៃស្យៈរុងរឿងដោយទ្រព្យសម្បត្តិ; ហើយសូទ្រៈរុងរឿងជានិច្ចដោយសេវាកម្មដ៏ជំនាញ និងសមត្ថភាព។ ដូច្នេះ វណ្ណៈនីមួយៗត្រូវបានគោរព នៅពេលវាបង្ហាញលក្ខណៈល្អឥតខ្ចោះតាមធម្មៈរបស់ខ្លួន»។

दमेनby self-control
दमेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदमन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
शोभतेshines / is adorned
शोभते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootशुभ्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
विप्रःa Brahmin
विप्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विजयेनby victory
विजयेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
धनेनby wealth
धनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वैश्यःa Vaishya
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रःa Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
दाक्ष्येणby skill / dexterity
दाक्ष्येण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदाक्ष्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
शोभतेshines / is adorned
शोभते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootशुभ्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
V
vipra (brāhmaṇa)
K
kṣatriya
V
vaiśya
Ś
śūdra

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that each varṇa is esteemed when it cultivates its characteristic virtue: restraint for the brāhmaṇa, victorious protection for the kṣatriya, prosperity through wealth for the vaiśya, and reliable competence in service/work for the śūdra—i.e., social harmony through excellence in one’s dharma.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, the sage Parāśara states a normative principle about how different social roles become ‘ornamented’ (honored) by their defining qualities, as part of broader ethical guidance on right conduct.