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Shloka 17

Śīla-prāpti and Śīla-lakṣaṇa (शीलप्राप्ति-शीललक्षणम्) | On the Acquisition and Marks of Character

दुराचारान्‌ यदा राजा प्रदुष्टानू न नियच्छति । तस्मादुद्धिजते लोक: सर्पाद्‌ वेश्मगतादिव

durācārān yadā rājā praduṣṭān na niyacchati | tasmād udvijate lokaḥ sarpād veśmagatād iva ||

ពេលព្រះរាជា មិនទប់ស្កាត់ និងមិនដាក់ទណ្ឌកម្មលើអ្នកពុករលួយ និងអ្នកអាក្រក់ទេ ប្រជាជនទាំងមូលនឹងភ័យខ្លាច និងក្តៅក្រហាយចំពោះព្រះរាជានោះ ដូចមនុស្សដែលរងការរំខានពីពស់ចូលមកក្នុងផ្ទះ។

दुराचारान्evil-doers / those of bad conduct
दुराचारान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुराचार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रदुष्टान्corrupt / wicked (persons)
प्रदुष्टान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रदुष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नियच्छतिrestrains / controls
नियच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootयम् (यच्छति)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्मात्therefore / from that (cause)
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
उद्विजतेis agitated / becomes anxious
उद्विजते:
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + विज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
लोकःthe people
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्पात्from a snake
सर्पात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
वेश्मगतात्that has entered the house / being in the house
वेश्मगतात्:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootवेश्मगत
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
इवlike / as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

कामन्दक उवाच

K
Kāmandaka
R
rājā (king)
L
loka (people)
S
sarpa (snake)
V
veśma (house)

Educational Q&A

A king must restrain and punish wrongdoers; otherwise public safety collapses and the ruler himself becomes a cause of fear. Justice (daṇḍa) is presented as a necessary instrument of rājadharma to protect the innocent and maintain order.

Kāmandaka states a principle of statecraft: if the king does not check corrupt and wicked persons, the populace grows alarmed and uneasy, comparing such a kingdom to a home troubled by a snake inside it.