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Shloka 543

अध्याय १ — न्यग्रोधवनोपवेशनम् तथा द्रौणिनिश्चयः

Night at the Banyan and Drauṇi’s Resolve

भिन्नयोधं बल॑ यच्च द्विधा युक्त च यद्‌ भवेत्‌ “जो सेना आधी रातके समय नींदमें अचेत पड़ी हो

bhinnayodhaṃ balaṃ yac ca dvidhā yuktaṃ ca yad bhavet

«បើទោះជាកងទ័ពមួយ នៅពាក់កណ្តាលអធ្រាត្រ ដេកលក់សន្លប់មិនដឹងខ្លួន បើទោះជាមេបញ្ជាការរបស់វាត្រូវបានបំផ្លាញ បើទោះជាមានការបែកបាក់ក្នុងចំណោមយោធា ហើយបើទោះជាវាច្របូកច្របល់ស្ទាក់ស្ទើរ—ក៏ត្រូវវាយប្រហារសត្រូវឲ្យបានជាក់ជាមិនខាន»។

भिन्न-योधम्having warriors split (disunited in fighters)
भिन्न-योधम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभिन्न (√भिद्) + योध (योध)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बलम्army/force
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
द्विधाin two ways; in doubt
द्विधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्विधा
युक्तम्joined/engaged; (here) placed in a dilemma
युक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त (√युज्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भवेत्may be / should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
army (bala)
L
leader/commander (implied: nāyaka)

Educational Q&A

The verse conveys a ruthless tactical maxim: when the enemy is weakened—leaderless, divided, confused, or even asleep—one should exploit the advantage and attack. In the Sauptika context, it highlights the tension between victory-oriented strategy and the broader dharmic ideal of fair combat.

In Sauptika Parva, the aftermath of the great war leads into a night-time assault. Sañjaya’s report frames the logic used to justify striking an enemy force that is vulnerable—disorganized and even asleep—setting the ethical atmosphere for the events that follow.