Shloka 43

युधिष्ठिरस्य धनंजय-प्रति गर्हा

Yudhiṣṭhira’s Reproach to Dhanaṃjaya

Devanagari script

तदड्जात्‌ पुरुषेन्द्रस्य भ्रष्ट वर्म व्यरोचत । रत्नैरलंकृतं चित्रैव्यभ्रं नेशि यथा नभ:

Transliteration

tad aṅgajāt puruṣendrasya bhraṣṭa-varma vyarocata | ratnair alaṅkṛtaṃ citrair vyabhraṃ neśi yathā nabhaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: From the body of that lord among men, the fallen coat of mail shone brilliantly—adorned with many-colored jewels—like the cloudless sky gleaming in its pure expanse. In the midst of battle’s violence, the image underscores how even the finest protections and ornaments are ultimately cast off, reminding the listener of the fragility of worldly splendor before fate and the moral weight of war.

Word by Word

• तत्: that (thing/it)
• तत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अजात्: was born / arose
• अजात्: Kriya
• Type: Verb
• Root: अज (अज्)
• Form: Aorist (simple past), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• पुरुषेन्द्रस्य: of the lord of men (king)
• पुरुषेन्द्रस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुषेन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• भ्रष्टवर्म: whose armor had fallen off / armorless
• भ्रष्टवर्म: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भ्रष्टवर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विरोचत: shone
• विरोचत: Kriya
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुच्
• Form: Imperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• रत्नैः: with jewels
• रत्नैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रत्न
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• अलंकृतम्: adorned
• अलंकृतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अलंकृत
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• चित्रैः: with variegated (ornaments/colors)
• चित्रैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चित्र
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• अभ्रम्: a cloud
• अभ्रम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभ्र
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• नेशि: led / carried (along)
• नेशि: Kriya
• Type: Verb
• Root: नी
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• यथा: as / like
• यथा: Avyaya
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• नभः: in the sky / the sky
• नभः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नभस्
• Form: Neuter, Locative (Vedic/epic usage) / Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• संजय (Sañjaya)
• पुरुषेन्द्र (a great lord among men; the hero referred to)
• वर्म (armor/coat of mail)
• रत्न (jewels)
• नभस् (sky)