Shloka 19

Devanagari script

तं शब्दं तुमुलं श्रुत्वा पाण्डवानां महारथा:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

taṁ śabdaṁ tumulaṁ śrutvā pāṇḍavānāṁ mahārathāḥ |

atāḍayan raṇe bhīṣmaṁ sahitāḥ sarvasṛñjayāḥ ||

Translation

សញ្ជ័យបាននិយាយ៖ ពេលបានឮសំឡេងរំពងធំធេង និងចលាចលដែលបណ្ឌវាទាំងឡាយបង្កើតឡើង មហារថៈទាំងអស់នៃស្រីញជយៈ ដែលឈរជាប់ជាគណៈរឹងមាំ បានវាយប្រហារលើភីෂ្មៈក្នុងសមរភូមិ ពីគ្រប់ទិសទាំងអស់។

Word by Word

• तम्: that
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• शब्दम्: sound, noise
• शब्दम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शब्द
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तुमुलम्: tumultuous, dreadful
• तुमुलम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुमुल
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here), Non-finite

• पाण्डवानाम्: of the Pandavas
• पाण्डवानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• महारथाः: great chariot-warriors
• महारथाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अताडयन्: struck, beat
• अताडयन्: Kriya
• Type: Verb
• Root: ताड्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• भीष्मम्: Bhishma
• भीष्मम्: Karma
• Type: ProperNoun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सहिताः: together, united
• सहिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सृञ्जयाः: the Sṛñjayas
• सृञ्जयाः: Karta
• Type: ProperNoun
• Root: सृञ्जय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāṇḍavas
• Bhīṣma
• Sṛñjayas
• battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the battlefield tension between personal reverence and martial duty: once a revered elder like Bhīṣma leads the opposing army, the warriors’ obligation to their side and to the rules of war compels a united assault, illustrating how kṣatriya-dharma can demand hard, impersonal action.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that, after hearing the Pāṇḍavas’ tremendous battle-roar, the Sṛñjaya great warriors collectively attack Bhīṣma in the fight, striking him from all directions as the battle intensifies around the Kuru commander.