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Shloka 29

Kāla-vibhāga: The Divisions of Time from Atom to Brahmā, and the Lord Beyond Time

तमेवान्वपिधीयन्ते लोको भूरादयस्त्रय: । निशायामनुवृत्तायां निर्मुक्तशशिभास्करम् ॥ २९ ॥

tam evānv api dhīyante lokā bhūr-ādayas trayaḥ niśāyām anuvṛttāyāṁ nirmukta-śaśi-bhāskaram

ពេលរាត្រីរបស់ព្រះព្រហ្មមកដល់ ពិភពទាំងបី—ភូរ ជាដើម—លាក់បាត់ពីទស្សនៈ ហើយពន្លឺព្រះអាទិត្យនិងព្រះចន្ទក៏រលត់ ដូចរាត្រីធម្មតា។

तम्him/that (state)
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्म
एवindeed/only
एव:
Nipata (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निश्चय/अवधारण (emphasis particle)
अनुafter/along
अनु:
Nipata (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपसर्ग/क्रियाविशेषणार्थ (after, along)
अपिalso
अपि:
Nipata (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/अपि-कार (also)
धीयन्तेare absorbed/settle
धीयन्ते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootधा (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; कर्मणि/आत्मनेपदी प्रयोग (‘are placed/settle’)
लोकाःworlds
लोकाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कर्तृ
भूःBhū (earth)
भूः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभू (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (आदयः इत्यनेन सह) समाहार-निर्देश
आदयःand the rest
आदयः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootआदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘and others’ (enumerative)
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसंख्यावाचक; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (लोकाः) इत्यस्य विशेषण
निशायाम्in the night
निशायाम्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootनिशा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अधिकरण (काल)
अनुवृत्तायाम्when (it) has continued/ensued
अनुवृत्तायाम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-वृत् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकाले कृदन्त (Past passive participle, क्त); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; (निशायाम्) इत्यस्य विशेषण
निर्मुक्तशशिभास्करम्devoid of moon and sun
निर्मुक्तशशिभास्करम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मुक्त (कृदन्त) + शशि + भास्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (निर्मुक्तौ शशि-भास्करौ यस्मात् → ‘devoid of moon and sun’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; (तम्) इत्यस्य विशेषण

It is understood that the glare of the sun and moon disappear from the sphere of the three worlds, but the sun and the moon themselves do not vanish. They appear in the remaining portion of the universe, which is beyond the sphere of the three worlds. The portion in dissolution remains without sun rays or moonglow. It all remains dark and full of water, and there are indefatigable winds, as explained in the following verses.

FAQs

This verse states that the three worlds beginning with Bhūḥ are enveloped when night prevails, described as a condition where the light of the Sun and Moon is absent.

In this chapter he is teaching Parīkṣit Mahārāja the workings of kāla (time) and cosmic cycles; describing night and the covering of the worlds illustrates how the universe is governed by time’s rhythms.

Remembering that everything moves under time’s control helps cultivate detachment, humility, and steadiness in bhakti—using one’s limited time for sādhana and remembrance of the Lord.