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Vamana Purana — Rules of Purity (Shauca), Shloka 21

Rules of Purity (Śauca), Permissible Foods, and the Duties of the Householder and Forest-Dweller

Devanagari script

सुकेशिरुवाच किं तदुक्तं सुप्रभातं शङ्करेण महात्मना प्रभाते यत् पठन् मर्त्यो मुच्यते पापबन्धनात्

Transliteration

sukeśiruvāca kiṃ taduktaṃ suprabhātaṃ śaṅkareṇa mahātmanā prabhāte yat paṭhan martyo mucyate pāpabandhanāt

Translation

スケーシンは言った。「大いなる魂をもつシャンカラが説いた『スプラバ―タ（吉祥の朝の言葉）』とは何ですか。黎明にそれを誦することで、人は罪の束縛から解き放たれるというのは。」

Word by Word
sukeśiḥSukeśi
sukeśiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsukeśin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
kimwhat?
kim:
Karma (कर्म) (of implied ‘asti/ucyate’)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; प्रश्नार्थक
tatthat
tat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (uktam इत्यस्य)
uktamsaid / spoken
uktam:
Kriyā (क्रिया) (as predicate: ‘is said’)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु) + kta (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
suprabhātamgood-morning (auspicious dawn-utterance)
suprabhātam:
Karma (कर्म) (of implied ‘uktam’)
TypeNoun
Rootsu (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + prabhāta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘सु + प्रभातम्’ = ‘सुन्दरं प्रभातम्’
śaṅkareṇaby Śaṅkara
śaṅkareṇa:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootśaṅkara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन
mahātmanāby the great-souled one
mahātmanā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि: ‘महान् आत्मा यस्य’
prabhātein the morning
prabhāte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootprabhāta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन
yatwhich
yat:
Karma (कर्म) (of paṭhan)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक
paṭhanreading
paṭhan:
Karta (कर्ता) (of mucyate: ‘martyaḥ’)
TypeVerb
Root√paṭh (धातु) + śatṛ (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formवर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तरि
martyaḥa mortal
martyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmartya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन
mucyateis released
mucyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√muc (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि/मध्यस्थ-भावे ‘is freed’
pāpa-bandhanātfrom the bondage of sin
pāpa-bandhanāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + bandhana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘पापस्य बन्धनम्’
Speakers
Sukeśin (questioner) → Teacher/Narrator (implied respondent in following verses)
Primary Deities
Shiva
Key Themes
ShaivismStotra/RecitationPrātar-vidhi (morning rule)Pāpa-kṣaya (removal of sin)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

The verse underscores faith joined to discipline: regular dawn-recitation is framed as a transformative practice that loosens pāpa-bandhana, i.e., entrenched harmful tendencies and their karmic consequences.

It is a dialogic prompt introducing a devotional/ritual element rather than a pancalakṣaṇa narrative unit. Such question-answer scaffolding is typical of Purāṇic pedagogy embedded within broader frames.

‘Bondage of sin’ suggests inner constriction; dawn (prabhāta) symbolizes renewal. The query positions Śiva’s teaching as a daily re-orientation from darkness (ignorance/negativity) to light (clarity/auspiciousness).

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