HomeVamana PuranaAdh. 12Shloka 56
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Vamana Purana — Karmic Causes of Narakas, Shloka 56

Karmic Causes of Narakas and the Irremediability of Ingratitude (Kṛtaghna-doṣa)

पापीयसां तद्वदिह कृघ्नाः सर्वेषु पापेषु वनशाचरेन्द्र ब्रह्मघ्नगोघ्नादिषु निष्कृतिर्हि विद्येतत नैवास्य तु दुष्टचारिणः न निष्कृतिश्चास्ति कृतघ्नवृत्तेः सुहृत्कृतं नाशयतो ऽब्दकोटिभिः

pāpīyasāṃ tadvadiha kṛghnāḥ sarveṣu pāpeṣu vanaśācarendra brahmaghnagoghnādiṣu niṣkṛtirhi vidyetata naivāsya tu duṣṭacāriṇaḥ na niṣkṛtiścāsti kṛtaghnavṛtteḥ suhṛtkṛtaṃ nāśayato 'bdakoṭibhiḥ

同様に、森に住む者たちの主よ、恩を知らぬ者はあらゆる罪人の中で最も悪しき者である。婆羅門殺し(ブラフマ殺)や牛殺しなどの罪には、たしかに贖罪の法が説かれている。だが、恩知らずを業として生き、恩人のなした善を滅ぼすその悪行者には、たとえ幾千万年を経ようとも、いかなる贖罪も存在しない。

pāpīyasāmof the more sinful (persons)
pāpīyasām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootpāpīyas (प्रातिपदिक; pāpa-तुल्यतर/तुलनात्मक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (contextual)
tadvatlikewise
tadvat:
Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadvat (अव्यय; तद्+वत्)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable), प्रकारवाचक (manner)
ihahere
iha:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)
kṛ-ghnāḥmurderers (killers)
kṛ-ghnāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛghna (प्रातिपदिक; कृ+घ्न)
Formप्रथमा (Nominative/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
sarveṣuin all
sarveṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी (Locative/सप्तमी), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग
pāpeṣusins
pāpeṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी (Locative), बहुवचन (Plural), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter)
vana-śācara-indraO lord of forest-dwellers
vana-śācara-indra:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक)+śācara (प्रातिपदिक)+indra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
brahma-ghna-go-ghna-ādiṣuin (sins like) brahmin-killing, cow-killing, etc.
brahma-ghna-go-ghna-ādiṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahma-ghna (प्रातिपदिक)+go-ghna (प्रातिपदिक)+ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी (Locative), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine); ‘ādi’ = etc.
niṣkṛtiḥexpiation
niṣkṛtiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootniṣkṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine)
hiindeed
hi:
Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ
vidyetamay be found / could exist
vidyeta:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vid (विद्, धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada)
etatthis
etat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootetat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter)
nanot
na:
Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात (negation)
evaindeed / just
eva:
Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपात (emphatic particle)
asyaof him
asya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग
tubut
tu:
Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/पुनरुक्ति-निपात (but/however)
duṣṭa-cāriṇaḥof the evil-doer
duṣṭa-cāriṇaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootduṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)+cārin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
nanot
na:
Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात
niṣkṛtiḥexpiation
niṣkṛtiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootniṣkṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग
caand
ca:
Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)
astiexists
asti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (अस्, धातु)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)
kṛta-ghna-vṛtteḥof one whose conduct is (that of) an ungrateful person
kṛta-ghna-vṛtteḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛta (प्रातिपदिक)+ghna (प्रातिपदिक)+vṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग (vṛtti)
suhṛt-kṛtama benefaction done by a friend
suhṛt-kṛtam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsuhṛt (प्रातिपदिक)+kṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter)
nāśayataḥof (him) who destroys
nāśayataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√naś (नश्, धातु) caus. nāśaya (धातु-प्रत्यय)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त (Present active participle/शतृ), षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (agreeing with asya)
abda-koṭibhiḥby crores of years
abda-koṭibhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootabda (प्रातिपदिक)+koṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतृतीया (Instrumental/तृतीया), बहुवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग (koṭi)
Not specified in input (verse addresses ‘vanaśācarendra’suggesting a didactic address within the narrative frame).
DharmaEthicsKarmaPrāyaścitta (Expiation)

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

The text treats ingratitude (kṛtaghnatā) as a uniquely corrosive vice: it negates social and moral reciprocity (ṛṇa/obligation) and thus undermines dharma itself. Hence it is rhetorically placed beyond ordinary prāyaścitta, emphasizing that ethical character and loyalty to benefactors are foundational.

This is primarily a dharma/ācāra-oriented instruction embedded in narrative, aligning most closely with ancillary purāṇic teaching rather than the core five marks; secondarily it supports ‘dharma’ exposition often accompanying vaṃśānucarita or manvantara narratives, but it is not itself sarga/pratisarga.

By stating that even grave transgressions have expiation while ingratitude does not, the verse symbolically elevates gratitude as the glue of cosmic and social order—implying that betrayal of received good is a betrayal of ṛta/dharma, not merely a personal fault.