Vamana Purana — Structure of Jambudvipa, Shloka 40
The Structure of Jambudvipa: Nine Varshas, Navadvipa Bharata, Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples
काम्बोजा दरदाश्चैव बर्बरा ह्यङ्गलौकिकाः चीनाश्चैव तुषाराश्च बहुधा बाह्यतोदराः
kāmbojā daradāścaiva barbarā hyaṅgalaukikāḥ cīnāścaiva tuṣārāśca bahudhā bāhyatodarāḥ
「カーンボージャ族（Kāmboja）とダラダ族（Darada）、またバルバラ族（Barbara、異邦の民）とアンガラウキカ族（Aṅgalaukika）；さらにチーナ族（Cīna）とトゥシャーラ族（Tuṣāra）—中央の地の外に住む、さまざまな民である。」
{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }
FAQs
The verse functions descriptively rather than prescriptively: it situates the Purāṇic world as broad and plural, acknowledging many peoples beyond the Madhyadeśa. Later tradition sometimes frames such lists as ‘outside’ the Vedic social sphere, but the immediate purpose here is cataloguing, not moral judgment.
This aligns best with ancillary material supporting vaṃśānucarita/itihāsa-frameworks and the Purāṇic cosmographical mapping of the human world (often grouped under ‘bhūgolavarṇana’ in practice, though not one of the strict five).
Symbolically, ‘bāhya’ peoples mark the horizon of the known world in Purāṇic imagination—signposting the limits of ritual geography and the expanding encounter with transregional cultures.