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Sama Veda — Pūrvārcika, Mantra 10

Pavamāna Soma’s purification and ascent, bringing protection, fame, and sacrificial efficacy

Rishi: Ascribed in RV tradition to a Soma/Pavamāna seer (Kavi-line; śākhā-dependent assignment)
Devata: Soma Pavamāna
Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī-type cadence (pavamāna hymn metre; exact pada-count varies by recension)
Devanagari Script

परि प्रिया दिवः कविर्वयांसि नप्त्योर्हितः स्वानैर्याति कविक्रतुः

Samhita Patha

pari priyā divaḥ kavirvayāṃsi naptyorhitaḥ svānairyāti kavikratuḥ

Transliteration

pari priyā1 divaḥ2 kavir3 vayāṃsi1 naptyor2 hitaḥ3 svānair1 yāti2 kavikratuḥ3

Translation

天に愛される賢者、ソーマ（Soma）は、迅き働きに囲まれ、二つの搾り（naptyor）に据え置かれて、みずから鳴り響く流れとともに進みゆく。祭の意志は賢明なる者（kavikratu）。

Pada Patha (Word Analysis)

pari | priyā | divaḥ | kaviḥ | vayāṃsi | naptyoḥ-hitaḥ | svānaiḥ | yāti | kavi-kratuḥ

Word by Word
परिaround; all around
परि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
प्रियाःdear; beloved
प्रियाः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
दिवःof heaven; of the sky
दिवः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)
कविःthe seer; poet
कविः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootकवि (प्रातिपदिक)
वयांसिbirds; winged creatures
वयांसि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
नप्त्योःof/in the two granddaughters (two maidens)
नप्त्योः:
Adhikaraṇa (locative sense) / सम्बन्ध (genitive sense)
TypeNoun
Rootनप्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)
हितःplaced; set; stationed
हितः:
Kartā (as predicate/qualifier of कविः)
TypeParticiple (Adjective)
Rootधा (√धा) → हित (कृदन्त, क्त)
स्वानैःwith sounds; with calls
स्वानैः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootस्वान (प्रातिपदिक)
यातिgoes; moves
याति:
—
TypeVerb
Rootया (√या)
कविक्रतुःone whose resolve is that of a seer; seer-minded
कविक्रतुः:
Kartā (apposition to कविः)
TypeNoun (compound epithet)
Rootकवि-क्रतु (समास; प्रातिपदिक)
Sāman Melody Name

Pavamana-sāman (generic; specific gāna-name varies by śākhā)

Stobha Elements

o; hau; hāyi; ā; om

Vocal Structure

{ "prastava": "o hau", "udgitha": "pari priyā divaḥ kavir vayāṃsi", "pratihara": "hāyi ā", "upadrava": "naptyorhitaḥ svānair yāti", "nidhana": "om kavikratuḥ", "structure_notes": "Stobhas frame the verse to imitate ‘encompassing’ and ‘resounding’; the nidhana seals the intelligent resolve (kratu) with a firm cadence.", "singer_assignments": "Prastotṛ: prastāva; Udgātṛ: udgītha+upadrava; Pratihartṛ: pratihāra; all three: nidhana." }

Sāyaṇa Commentary

{ "gloss_summary": "Soma is called kavi because he is ‘knowing’ in sacrificial operations (karmasu prajñā). ‘Naptyoḥ’ is explained ritually—connected with the dual pressing/pressing-stones; Soma, placed there, proceeds with resounding streams.", "ritual_interpretation": "The verse is read as describing Soma’s ritual journey: pressed, filtered, and made fit for offering; the ‘two’ anchors the liturgical sequence.", "theological_insight": "Soma is not inert juice but intelligent sacramental power; his ‘kratu’ mirrors cosmic order (ṛta) enacted in rite.", "etymology_highlights": "kavi = krāntadarśin/knower; kratu = yajña-saṅkalpa/ritual resolve; pavamāna implied as ‘self-purifying’ through pavitra." }

Ritual Application
Academic Analysis
Symbolic Meaning
Musical Layer
Rigveda Source
Soma Ritual Context
Rishi Connection
Devata Aspects
Chandas Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
Sandhi Notes
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