Shloka 11

अङ्गदोपदेशः समुद्रदर्शन-विषादश्च

Angada’s Counsel and the Vanaras’ Despondency at the Ocean

Devanagari script

न विषादे मनः कार्यं विषादो दोषवत्तमः।विषादो हन्ति पुरुषं बालं क्रुद्ध इवोरगः।।।।

Transliteration

na viṣāde manaḥ kāryaṃ viṣādo doṣavattamaḥ |

viṣādo hanti puruṣaṃ bālaṃ kruddha ivoragaḥ ||

Translation

心を嘆きに沈めてはならぬ。嘆きは最も重い過ちである。嘆きは人を滅ぼす、怒れる蛇が幼子を殺すように。

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Vākyaniṣedha (वाक्यनिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• विषादे: in despondency
• विषादे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; state/condition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)

• मनः: mind
• मनः: Karta (कर्ता; of implied ‘bhavati/pravartate’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• कार्यम्: fit to act/effective (to be done)
• कार्यम्: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (विधेयविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); विधेय-विशेषण (predicative)

• विषादः: despondency
• विषादः: Karta (कर्ता; of implied ‘asti’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• दोषवत्तमः: the greatest fault
• दोषवत्तमः: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (विधेयविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दोषवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तमप्-प्रत्यय (superlative): ‘most faulty’

• विषादः: despondency
• विषादः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• हन्ति: destroys
• हन्ति: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)

• पुरुषम्: a man
• पुरुषम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• बालम्: a child
• बालम्: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; उपमान (object of comparison)

• क्रुद्धः: angry
• क्रुद्धः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘उरगः’ विशेषण

• इव: like
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय (comparison particle)

• उरगः: a serpent
• उरगः: Upameya (उपमेय; comparator subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उरग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

'Do not be despondent. It is the biggest flaw. It destroys a person like an angry serpent killing a young child.

Characters & Entities

• Aṅgada
• vānaras

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma requires steadiness of mind; surrendering to despair becomes a moral and practical failure because it prevents righteous action.

What is the narrative situation?

Aṅgada addresses dejected vānaras and warns them that despair is ruinous, urging them to regain composure for their mission.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fortitude (dhairya): maintaining inner stability under pressure so duty can be carried out.