Shloka 10

Devanagari script

तथा सर्वाणि भूतानि तिर्यग्योनिगतान्यपि।प्रियं कुर्वन्ति रामस्य त्यक्त्वा प्राणान्यथा वयम्।।4.56.10।।

Transliteration

tathā sarvāṇi bhūtāni tiryagyōnigatāny api |

priyaṃ kurvanti rāmasya tyaktvā prāṇān yathā vayam ||

Translation

同じように、あらゆる生きものは――たとえ畜生の身に生まれた者であっても――ラーマに喜ばれることを行い、命さえ賭す。まさに我らがそうしたように。

Word by Word

• तथा: thus / likewise
• तथा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: thus/in the same way)

• सर्वाणि: all
• सर्वाणि: Visheshana (विशेषण/of bhūtāni)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण (qualifies bhūtāni)

• भूतानि: creatures / beings
• भूतानि: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• तिर्यग्योनिगतानि: born in animal wombs
• तिर्यग्योनिगतानि: Visheshana (विशेषण/of bhūtāni)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तिर्यक् (प्रातिपदिक) + योनि (प्रातिपदिक) + गत (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural); तत्पुरुष (तिर्यग्योनिं गतानि = gone to animal birth)

• अपि: even / also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), निपात (particle: even/also)

• प्रियम्: what is pleasing / a favor
• प्रियम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• कुर्वन्ति: do / perform
• कुर्वन्ति: Kriyā (क्रिया/Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• रामस्य: for Rama / of Rama
• रामस्य: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive, 6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• त्यक्त्वा: having given up
• त्यक्त्वा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/preceding action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Gerund/Absolutive), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal), "having abandoned"

• प्राणान्: lives / vital breaths
• प्राणान्: Karma (कर्म/Object of tyaktvā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), बहुवचन (Plural)

• यथा: as
• यथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/comparison marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), उपमा (comparative particle: as)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Upamāna (उपमान/standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तम-पुरुष-सर्वनाम (1st person pronoun), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Bhūtāni (all beings)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is portrayed as self-sacrificial service for a righteous person (Rāma): even non-human beings participate in the moral order by aiding the cause of justice.

What is the narrative situation?

The Vanaras, despairing in the forest, reflect that many beings risk their lives for Rāma—highlighting their own exhausted service and sense of failure.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Tyāga (self-sacrifice) in loyal service.