Shloka 10

Devanagari script

आजगाम ततो वाली हत्वा तं दानवर्षभम्।ततोऽहमददां राज्यं गौरवाद्भययन्त्रितः।।4.46.10।।

Transliteration

ājagāma tato vālī hatvā taṃ dānavarṣabham |

tato 'ham adadāṃ rājyaṃ gauravād bhayayantritaḥ || 4.46.10 ||

Translation

それからヴァーリーは、魔族の中の雄牛ともいうべき者を討ち果たして帰還した。そこで私は、恐れに迫られ、また彼への敬意に縛られて、王国を返し渡した。

Word by Word

• rājyam: kingdom
• rājyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन, द्वितीया (Accusative)

• ca: and
• ca: None (अव्यय-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• sumahat: very great
• sumahat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su + mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन, द्वितीया; विशेषणम् राज्यस्य

• prāpya: having obtained
• prāpya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √āp + pra (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) परस्मैपदी; पूर्वक्रिया (having obtained)

• tārayā: with Tārā
• tārayā: Sahakari (सहकारी/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tārā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; एकवचन, तृतीया (Instrumental)

• rumayā: with Rumā
• rumayā: Sahakari (सहकारी/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rumā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; एकवचन, तृतीया (Instrumental)

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सहार्थक (postposition/adverb) तृतीयासहयोगे

• mitraiḥ: with friends
• mitraiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mitra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; बहुवचन, तृतीया (Instrumental)

• ca: and
• ca: None (अव्यय-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• sahitaḥ: accompanied
• sahitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √dhā + sam (धातु) / sahita (प्रातिपदिक, क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) ‘सहित’; पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; विशेषणम् अहम्-शब्दस्य

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)

• vasāmi: I dwell/live
• vasāmi: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vas (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद; उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन

• vigatajvaraḥ: free from fever/affliction
• vigatajvaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vigata-jvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (नञ्-रहित, ‘विगतः ज्वरः यस्य’); पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; विशेषणम् अहम्-शब्दस्य

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rāma
• Vālī
• Kingdom (rājya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights the moral tension between rightful conduct and coercion: Sugrīva’s action is shaped by fear and social power, showing how adharma can arise when authority is unchecked and truth cannot be spoken freely.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva recounts events from his conflict with Vālī, explaining how he ended up losing the kingdom.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s candor (satya) in admitting fear and constraint, rather than presenting himself as heroic.